Imogen Akin

Full and final settlement is the process of calculating all the dues payable to an employee who resigns, retires, or is removed by the management. The settlement process is not just limited to the salary drawn by the employee but also deductions.

This article covers all you need to know about the full and final settlement process and the calculations involved.

Whether an employee resigns from the job or is let go by the management, they are paid all the dues for their service till the last working day as FnF or full and final settlement. This includes any additional earnings or deductions as well.

The full and final settlement consists of clearances from various departments like IT, finance, HR, and admin. Also, it is important to understand which components to include while calculating the final dues payable to the employee. Let’s look at each of the activities in detail:

This involves returning company assets such as laptop, monitor, keyboard or mouse – whatever asset was provided to the employee on the last working day. In case of any damage, the same can be recovered from the employee FnF.

Employee account is updated with resigned/removed (whatever applicable) and email ID is deleted from the IT infrastructure.

This involves any outstanding reimbursements, expenses on company cards. Following are the various components to calculate the final dues payable to the employee:

As per the Payment of Wages Act, 1936, the salary due for the previous month should be paid up to the 7th or 10th of the following month. But, when the employee resigns from a job, the salary due up to the date of resignation needs to be calculated.

Unpaid salary also includes the annual benefits payable to employees like LTA (leave travel allowance) or other arrears. Since these amounts are usually paid once in the year, the liability should be calculated up to the employee’s last working day.

The calculation of this will depend on your company’s policy around benefits.

Recommended read: Gross Salary Meaning, Components & Calculation

As per the provisions of the Factories Act, 1948, the amount of unavailed leaves and bonuses need to be cleared by the 7th or 10th of the following month after the resignation.

The leaves available to the employees are different from company to company depending on a company’s policy. These leaves are usually called privilege leaves available for employees against continued service.

Here again, the leave encashment policy varies from company to company and hence the calculation of this component will depend on it.

Read more in our blog post ‘Leave Encashment Calculation.’

Similarly, bonuses can be awarded by the employer on special occasions or for exemplary performance by the employees. Any amount of the bonus awarded to the employee must also be paid.

A portion is deducted from the employee’s salary every month, and the employer also contributes the same amount. This pool of funds is deposited by the employer as Provident Fund and Pension Fund for the employees and helps build a corpus.

Provident Fund is payable to all employees in confirmed service, while Pension is payable on completion of 10 years of service on FnF settlement.

If the employee is resigning to join a new job, the PF/Pension can be transferred to the new employer or paid to the employee. On retirement, the fund balance is payable to the employees.

Read more about ‘Employee Provident Fund’ in this blog post

As per the Payments of Gratuity Act, gratuity is payable to an employee who has served the company for 4 years and 10 months or more. Any employee resigning from the job or being terminated after completion of this period is entitled to receive gratuity payment within 30 days. If there is any delay in payment of Gratuity during FnF settlement beyond 30 days, interest is payable to the employee.

Read more about ‘Gratuity & its calculation’ in this blog post

Any tax liability arising on the FnF amount is chargeable from the amount payable. TDS is deductible from the components that are taxable under the Income Tax Act, 1961. Although, the amount paid for gratuity and unpaid leaves is exempt from TDS under the Income Tax Act.

There are various HR policies that vary from company to company related to joining bonus, L&D, and notice period. Based on an employee’s tenure or company policy the joining bonus or a company’s latest bonus might be recovered in the FnF settlement.

Also, if the notice period falls short, the employee may/may not have to pay the relevant amount in the FnF settlement.

This involves getting the employee ID card or other related assets that are usually needed for entry/access in the company.

It is essential to note that an employee, whether resigning or being terminated, has the right to get all the dues settled within a reasonable timeframe. It is a common practice to finalise the process within 30-45 days from the employee’s last working day.

If the employer fails to fulfil the FnF settlement requirements, the employee can contest it legally, and the employer will be liable to pay interest on all the dues as a penalty.

The FnF settlement letter is issued with reference to the resignation letter submitted by the employee. There is no set format for the FnF letter and sometimes companies just generate a payslip in place of the letter. The following details should form part of the payslip.

Download FnF Payslip Format in Word for Free

Download FnF Payslip Format in PDF for Free

While computing the value of FnF settlement amount, the employers should keep the following points in mind:

Now that you know about the full and final settlement process, isn’t it a lot to do manually?

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Indira Gandhi International Airport (IATA: DEL, ICAO: VIDP) is the primary international airport serving Delhi, the capital of India, and the National Capital Region (NCR). The airport, spread over an area of 5,106 acres (2,066 ha),[5] is situated in Palam, Delhi, 15 km (9.3 mi) southwest of the New Delhi Railway Station and 16 km (9.9 mi) from New Delhi city centre.[6][7] Named after Indira Gandhi (1917–1984), a former Prime Minister of India, it is the busiest airport of India in terms of passenger traffic since 2009.[8] It is also the busiest airport in the country in terms of cargo traffic, overtaking Mumbai during late 2015. In the financial year of 2020, the airport handled 67.3 million passengers, the highest ever in the airport's history.[9] As of 2022, it is the seventh busiest airport in the world, as per the latest rankings issued by the UK-based air consultancy firm, OAG.[10] It is the second busiest airport in the world by seating capacity,[11][12][13] having a seating capacity of over 3.6 million seats, and the busiest airport in Asia by passenger traffic, handling over 37 million passengers in 2021.[12][13]

The airport was operated by the Indian Air Force before its management was transferred to the Airports Authority of India.[14] In May 2006, the management of the airport was passed over to Delhi International Airport Limited (DIAL), a consortium led by the GMR Group.[15] In September 2008, the airport inaugurated a 4,430 m (14,530 ft) runway. With the commencement of operations at Terminal 3 in 2010, it became India's and South Asia's largest aviation hub. The Terminal 3 building has a capacity to handle 34 million passengers annually and was the world's 8th largest passenger terminal upon completion.[7] The airport uses an advanced system called Airport Collaborative Decision Making (A-CDM) to help keep takeoffs and landings timely and predictable.[16]

The other airport serving NCR is the Hindon Airport, which is much smaller in size and primarily handles regional flights out of the city under the UDAN Scheme.[17] The former airport, which used to be the primary airport of NCR, Safdarjung Airport is now used mainly by VVIP helicopters and small charter helicopters due to its short runway. To stimulate the increasing traffic, a second airport, Noida International Airport is being constructed to offset the load of Indira Gandhi International Airport.[18]

Safdarjung Airport was built in 1930 and was the main airport for Delhi until 1962.[5] Due to increasing passenger traffic at Safdarjung, civilian operations were moved to Palam Airport (later renamed to IGIA) in 1962.[5] Palam Airport had been built during World War II and after the British departed from India, it served as an Air Force Station for the Indian Air Force.

Palam Airport had a peak capacity of around 1,300 passengers per hour.[5] In 1979–80, a total of 3 million domestic and international passengers flew into and out of Palam Airport.[19] Owing to an increase in air traffic in the 70s and the 80's, an additional terminal with nearly four times the area of the old Palam terminal was constructed. With the inauguration of this new international terminal, Terminal 2, on 2 May 1986, the airport was renamed as Indira Gandhi International Airport (IGIA).[5]

The old domestic airport (Palam) is known as Terminal 1 and was divided into separate buildings – 1A, 1B, and 1C. Blocks 1A and 1B were used to handle international operations while domestic operations took place in Block 1C. Block 1A and 1B later became dedicated terminals for domestic airlines and are currently closed down. It is planned that they will be demolished after the construction of newer terminals. Block 1C was also turned into a domestic arrivals terminal, and was rebuilt and opened on February 24, 2022. The newly constructed domestic departures block 1D is now used by all domestic low-cost airlines (IndiGo, and SpiceJet). There is also a separate technical area for VIP passengers. The domestic arrivals terminal 1C was demolished and rebuilt into a brand-new domestic arrivals terminal. For this expansion work, GoAir and select flights of IndiGo were moved to Terminal 2 as well as select flights of SpiceJet and IndiGo to Terminal 3.

Canada 3000 commenced a flight to Toronto in October 2001 using an Airbus A340.[20] This was the first nonstop service between India and North America.[21] Russia's decision to open its airspace after the Cold War allowed the airline to save time by flying a direct route over the Arctic.[22] Even though the 11 September attacks had precipitated a global decline in air travel, Canada 3000 was hoping that the service would help it improve its financial position.[20][23] Nevertheless, the company collapsed just one month later.[24]

Significant growth in the Indian aviation industry led to a major increase in passenger traffic. The capacity of Terminal 1 was estimated to be 7.15 million passengers per annum (mppa). The actual throughput for 2005/06 was an estimated 10.4 million passengers. Including the then closed down international terminal (Terminal 2), the airport had a total capacity of 12.5 million passengers per year, whereas the total passenger traffic in 2006/07 was 16.5 million passengers per year.[25] In 2008, the total passenger count at the airport reached 23.97 million. To ease the traffic congestion on the existing terminals, a much larger Terminal 3 was constructed and inaugurated on 3 July 2010.[26] The new terminal's construction took 37 months for completion and this terminal increased the airport's total passenger capacity by 34 million.[26] Apart from the three budget domestic airlines handled by Terminals 1 and 2, all other airlines operate their flights from Terminal 3. On 1 June 2022, Delhi International Airport became India's first to run entirely on Hydro Power and solar energy.[27] On 16 December 2022, IGI Airport installed 5 new x-ray machines at the security-check area, taking the total to 18 ATRS/x-ray machines.[28]

On 31 January 2006, the aviation minister Praful Patel announced that the empowered Group of Ministers have agreed to sell the management-rights of Delhi Airport to the DIAL consortium and the Mumbai Airport to the GVK Group.[29] On 2 May 2006, the management of Delhi and Mumbai airports were handed over to the private consortia.[30] Delhi International Airport Limited (DIAL) is a consortium of the GMR Group (54% (currently 64%)), Fraport (10%) and Malaysia Airports (10% (currently no share)),[31] and the Airports Authority of India retains a 26% stake.[32]

Nine years later, in May 2015, Malaysia Airports chose to exit from DIAL venture and sold its entire 10% stake to majority shareholder GMR Infra for $79 million. Following this GMR Group's stake at DIAL increased to 64%.[33] Earlier, GMR indicated that it was interested in buying out the 10% stake of Fraport.[34]

Delhi Airport has three near-parallel runways: runway 11R/29L, 4,430 m × 60 m (14,530 ft × 200 ft) with a CAT IIIB instrument landing system (ILS) on 11R and CAT II on 29L, runway 10/28, 3,813 m × 46 m (12,510 ft × 151 ft), and runway 09/27, 2,816 m × 45 m (9,239 ft × 148 ft). The 09/27 runway of the Delhi Airport was the airport's first-ever runway; the British constructed the 2,816 metre-long and 60 metre-wide runway in the pre-independence era and used it during World War II.[35] In addition to Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport in Lucknow and Jaipur Airport in Jaipur, Delhi Airport is the only airport in India to have been equipped with the CAT III-B ILS, as of 2017.[36] In the winter of 2005, there were a record number of disruptions at Delhi Airport due to fog/smog. Since then some domestic airlines have trained their pilots to operate under CAT-II conditions of a minimum 350 m (1,150 ft) visibility. On 31 March 2006, IGI became the first Indian airport to operate two runways simultaneously following a test run involving a SpiceJet plane landing on runway 28 and a Jet Airways plane taking off from runway 27 at the same time.

The initially proposed mode involving simultaneous takeoffs in westerly flow to increase handling traffic capacity caused several near misses over the west side of the airport where the centrelines of runways 10/28 and 9/27 intersect.[37] The runway use was changed to segregate dependent mode on 25 December 2007, which was a few days after a near miss involving an Airbus A330-200 of Qatar Airways and an IndiGo A320 aircraft. The new method involved the use of runway 28 for all departures and runway 27 for all arrivals. This more streamlined model was adopted during day hours (– 2300 0600 – 2300 IST) until 24 September 2008.

On 21 August 2008, the airport inaugurated its third runway, 11R/29L, costing ₹10 billion[38] and 4,430 m (14,534 ft) long. The runway has one of the world's longest paved threshold displacements of 1,460 m (4,790 ft). This, in turn decreases the available landing length on runway 29L to 2,970 m (9,744 ft). The runway increases the airport's capacity to handle up to 100 flights from the previous 45–60 flights per hour. The new runway was opened for commercial operations on 25 September 2008 and gradually began full round-the-clock operations by the end of October of the same year.[39]

Since 2012, all three runways are operated simultaneously to handle traffic during day hours.[40] Only runways 11R/29L and 10/28 are operated during night (2300–0600 IST) hours with single runway landing restriction during westerly traffic flow that is rotated late night (0300 IST) and reversed weekly to distribute and mitigate night time landing noise over nearby residential areas.[41]

To cater for the demand of increasing air traffic, the master plan for the construction of a fourth parallel runway next to the existing runway 11R/29L has been cleared. It is expected to be completed by early 2023.[42][43]

IGI Airport serves as a major hub or a focus destination for several Indian carriers including Air India, Alliance Air, IndiGo, SpiceJet, GoAir, and Vistara. Approximately 80 airlines serve this airport. At present, there are three actively scheduled passenger terminals, as well as a cargo terminal.

Recently, Delhi Airport operator DIAL has introduced an e-boarding facility for passengers at all the three terminals of the airport, by which all boarding gates will have contactless e-boarding gates with boarding card scanners, which will allow passengers to flash their physical or e-boarding cards to verify flight details in order to proceed for security checks.[44]

Terminal 3 is an integrated terminal used for both international and domestic flights. The Indian carriers operating international flights are Air India, IndiGo, SpiceJet, GoAir, and Vistara.

As far as domestic operations are concerned, Terminal 3 is used by Air India, AirAsia India, Vistara, and select flights of SpiceJet and IndiGo.

GoAir and select flights of IndiGo use Terminal 2 for their domestic operations.

Terminal 1 is currently used by the low cost domestic carriers, such as SpiceJet and IndiGo. In 2022, Terminal 1D was fully expanded with an arrivals hall, with the goal of enhancing its annual passenger handling capacity from the previous 18 million to 30 million.[45][46]

Terminal 1A

Terminal 1A was built in the late 1980s to cater to Indian Airlines (now absorbed into Air India). It had to be refurbished after a fire gutted the interiors and DIAL significantly upgraded the terminal. It was used by Air India for its Airbus operations until it shifted to the new Terminal 3 on 11 November 2010.[47] This terminal is now closed and is expected to be torn down on the completion of newer terminals.

Terminal 1B

Terminal 1B was also built in the late 1980s and was used only for domestic departures. Upon the opening of the new domestic departures Terminal 1D in 2009, Terminal 1B got closed and is also expected to be torn down on the completion of newer terminals.

Terminal 1C

Terminal 1C was also built in the late 1980s and was used only for domestic arrivals. The terminal has been upgraded with a newly expanded greeting area and a larger luggage reclaim area with eight belts. Terminal 1C was shut down, torn, and rebuilt into a brand new domestic arrivals hall on 24 February 2022.

Terminal 1D

Terminal 1D is the newly built domestic departures terminal with a total floor space of 53,000 m2 (570,000 sq ft) and has a capacity to handle 15 million passengers per year.[48] Terminal 1D commenced operations on 19 April 2009.[49] It has 72 Common Use Terminal Equipment (CUTE) enabled check-in counters, 16 self check-in counters, and 16 security channels.[49]

Terminal 2 was opened on 1 May 1986, at a cost of ₹95 crores[5] and was used for international flights until July 2010 when operations shifted to Terminal 3. After this, the terminal remained operational for only three months per year catering to Hajj flights.[50] In 2017, after revamping Terminal 2 at a cost of ₹100 crores,[50] DIAL shifted all operations of GoAir and select operations of IndiGo to that terminal in order to continue expansion work of Terminal 1.[51][52]

Designed by HOK working in consultation with Mott MacDonald,[53] the new Terminal 3 is a two-tier building spread over an area of 5.4 million square feet (approx 502,000 square metre ) making it the world's 8th largest terminal in the world, with the lower floor being the arrivals area, and the upper floor being a departures area. This terminal has 168 check-in counters, 78 aerobridges at 48 contact stands, 54 parking bays, 95 immigration counters, 18 X-ray screening areas, shorter waiting times, duty-free shops, and other features.[54][55] This new terminal was timed to be completed for the 2010 Commonwealth Games, which was held in Delhi and is connected to Delhi by an eight-lane Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway and the Delhi Metro through its Airport Express (Orange Line). The terminal was officially inaugurated on 3 July 2010. All international airlines shifted their operations to the new terminal in late July 2010 and all full service domestic carriers in November 2010. The arrival area is equipped with 14 baggage carousels. Terminal 3 has India's first automated parking management and guidance system in a multi level car park, which comprises seven levels and a capacity of 4,300 cars. Terminal 3 forms the first phase of the airport expansion which tentatively includes the construction of additional passenger & cargo terminals (Terminal 4, 5, and 6).[56]

Domestic full-service airlines operate from Terminal 3 including Air India, the national carrier. The Tata & Singapore Airlines airline joint-venture Vistara also operates from Terminal 3.[57] AirAsia India, although a low cost airline, also operates its domestic flights from this terminal. Some flights of SpiceJet and IndiGo were also shifted to Terminal 3 temporarily for the expansion of Terminal 1.

WorldMark is an upcoming mixed-use project in the Aerocity hospitality district near Terminal 3.[citation needed]

India's first general aviation terminal was commissioned in this airport in September 2020. The terminal caters to support the movement and processing of passengers flying through chartered flights or private jets from the airport.[58][59]

The air cargo complex is located at a distance of 1 km (0.62 mi) from Terminal 3. It consists of separate brownfield and greenfield cargo terminals.[60] The cargo operations at the brownfield terminal are managed by Celebi Delhi Cargo Management India Pvt. Ltd., which is a joint venture between Delhi International Airport Private Ltd (DIAL) and the Turkish company Celebi Ground Handling (CGH).[61] CGH was awarded the contract to develop, modernise, and finance the existing cargo terminal and to operate the terminal for a period of twenty-five years by DIAL in November 2009.[62] It started its operations in June 2010.[62] In addition to the existing terminal, a new greenfield terminal is being developed in phases by Delhi Cargo Service Centre (DCSC), also a joint venture between DIAL and Cargo Service Center (CSC).[62] The greenfield cargo terminal project consists of two terminals built over a plot of 48,000 square metres and 28,500 square metres, respectively. Phase 1A of the project has been completed and is fully operational.[60] Once the entire project is completed, these two new terminals will have an annual handling capacity of 1.25 million tonnes.[62] The cargo operations of the airport received "e-Asia 2007" award in 2007 for "Implementation of e-Commerce / Electronic Data Interchange in Air Cargo Sector".[63]

The nearest railway station is the Palam railway station, located 4.8 kilometres (3.0 mi) and 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from Terminals 1 and 3 respectively. Several passenger trains run regularly between these stations. Shahabad Mohammadpur railway station is equally close.[166][167]

Terminals 2 and 3 of the airport are served by the IGI Airport metro station on Airport Express (Orange Line) of Delhi Metro. The 22.7 km (14.1 mi) line runs from Dwarka Sector 21 to the New Delhi metro station with trains running every 10 minutes.[168] Terminal 1 is served by the Terminal 1-IGI Airport metro station on the Magenta Line.[169]

The airport is connected by the 8-lane Delhi–Gurgaon Expressway, the busiest inter-city route in India.[170] Air conditioned low-floor buses operated by Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) regularly run between the airport and the city. Metered taxis are also available from Terminals 1 and 3 to all areas of Delhi.[171]

In 2010, IGIA was conferred the fourth best airport award in the world in the 15–25 million category, and Most Improved Airport in the Indo-Pacific Region by Airports Council International.[172] The airport was rated as the Best Airport in the world in the 25–40 million passengers category in 2015, by Airports Council International.[173][174] It was awarded The Best Airport in Central Asia and Best Airport Staff in Central Asia at the Skytrax World Airport Awards 2015.[175] It also stood first in the new rankings for 2015 Airport Service Quality (ASQ) Awards conducted by Airports Council International.[176] The airport, along with Mumbai Airport, was adjudged as the "World's Best Airport" at the Airport Service Quality Awards 2017, in the highest category of airports handling more than 40 million passengers annually.[177] The airport was awarded the "best airport" in Asia-Pacific in 2020 (over 40 million passengers per annum) by the Airports Council International.[178] In 2023, the airport was awarded as the Cleanest Airport in the Asia-Pacific Region and also stood first again in the rankings for 2022 Airport Service Quality (ASQ) Awards in the category of over 40 million passengers per annum, conducted by Airports Council International.[179]

The newer domestic arrivals and departures terminals 1C and 1D, respectively, will be connected and expanded into a singular domestic terminal which will be known as simply, Terminal 1.

Terminals 4, 5, and 6 will be built at a later stage, which will be triggered by growth in passenger traffic. Once completed, all international flights will move to these three new terminals. Terminal 3 will then be solely used for handling domestic air traffic. A new cargo handling building is also planned. According to Delhi International Airport Limited (DIAL), these new terminals will increase the airport's annual passenger volume capacity to 100 million.[56]

DIAL submitted a plan in 2016 to the then aviation secretary R N Choubey regarding the expansion of the airport with a new fourth runway and Terminal 4 in a phased manner.[45] The Master Plan of Airport in 2016 was then reviewed and updated by DIAL in consultation with the Airports Authority of India.[180] The terminal construction will start after the fourth runway is completed and Terminal 1 is expanded.[45]

This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency. Media related to Indira Gandhi International Airport at Wikimedia Commons

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Fawkes was a phoenix who was owned by Albus Dumbledore. Fawkes lived with Dumbledore at Hogwarts Castle for a large part of his life.

To prune your fiddle-leaf fig to create a tree form with branching lateral growth, wait until spring or summer – when the plant is actively growing – and make a cut at least six inches down from the tip of the tree. You can save this cutting and propagate it! Make sure to cut in an internodal space.