Neetha Gangani

Isis was the most powerful goddess of the Ancient Egyptian religion. The name "Isis" is Greek for the Egyptian word Aset, or Eset, which roughly translates into "throne" or "queen of the throne". She was the queen of Egypt and ruled with her husband and brother Osiris. She and Osiris were both Egyptian deities belonging to the Ennead of Heliopolis, the first nine descendants of the creator god Ra.

Isis represented every positive feminine quality to ancient believers. They viewed her as a beautiful woman wearing a sheath dress and a headdress and often depicted her with a disk or a throne on her head. Her headdress could also feature a vulture or a disk with horns on the side. Some Egyptian artwork shows Isis as a winged goddess wearing royal robes.

At first, Isis was a secondary figure to Osiris, but over time her fame and power grew. Isis did not originally have temples dedicated solely to her, but instead, people worshipped her along with other gods such as Osiris or Horus. During the reign of Pharaoh Nectanebo I (380-362 BCE), however, the cult of Isis, the group of her most dedicated followers, grew popular. There were multiple temples dedicated to Isis, along with festivals. By the Roman period, she was Queen of the Universe and said to control the power of fate. Archeologists believe the worship of Isis may have lasted until the 6th century CE. Even today, there are still some who worship Isis.

Although the worship of Egyptian gods and goddesses began before this time, there is no reference made to Isis before the 5th dynasty (2465-2325 BCE). The first reference to Isis occurs in the Pyramid Texts (2350-2100 BCE), a collection of prayers, spells, and hymns used to protect a dead king or queen. In these writings, she offers assistance to the dead royal. As time went on and Isis grew in visibility and popularity, her help and protection extended beyond kings and queens to help all dead Egyptians. Stories of her as a wife searching for and mourning her lost husband, mourning a missing child, and fighting for her family identified her with the common people of Egypt. She became the goddess of all people, male and female, royal and common.

According to ancient Egyptian mythology, Isis was born to the earth god Geb and the sky goddess Nut. She had siblings who were Osiris, Seth (or Set), and Nephthys. Her great-grandfather was the creator god Ra. Isis eventually married her brother Osiris and they ruled as king and queen of Egypt. She gave birth to their son, whom they also named Horus, the falcon-headed god.

Isis had numerous powers. She was skilled in healing and protection. She was the greatest sorcerer in the Egyptian pantheon. She contained vast amounts of knowledge and the Egyptians believed she taught women to grind wheat and weave cloth. Her knowledge also included how to treat and cure diseases. She even could transform into a bird.

The legend says that during the reign of Osiris and Isis, Egypt was very prosperous and peaceful. However, their brother Seth, the god of chaos and destruction, was jealous of Osiris and plotted to kill him and take over the throne. He tried more than once to defeat his brother. First, he tricked Osiris to get into a magical casket which Seth sealed and threw into the Nile River. Seth took over as king. Meanwhile, Isis searched the Nile for her husband. After months of searching, she found him and brought his body back to Egypt.

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