Birgit Birnbaum

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Urgent treatment may be needed if your dog has eaten chocolate so please contact your vet as soon as possible for advice or, out of hours, your

RCX is a file extension commonly associated with REDCINE-X Project Format files REDCINE-X Project Format format was developed by RED

Now, treatment for any critical illnesses is high (think cancer) and the cost can go up to ₹ 25 - ₹30 lakh And there might be also loss of income and other additional expenses So in comparison to the need, a ₹5 - 10 lakh cover isn't sufficient enough

Lymph node enlargement (rarely lymphadenomegaly) is often used synonymously with lymphadenopathy, which is not strictly correct.

Lymphadenopathy (or adenopathy) is, if anything, a broader term, referring to any pathology of lymph nodes, not necessarily resulting in increased size; this includes abnormal number of nodes or derangement of internal architecture (e.g. cystic or necrotic nodes). In addition, increase in size is not always pathologic; some nodes are bigger than others normally (e.g. cf. jugulodigastric nodes to mesenteric nodes), and reactive nodes are a healthy response and do not imply pathology of the node itself.

There are approximately 600 lymph nodes, of which only some are available to direct palpation. Only some nodes (including neck, axilla and groin) should ever be normally palpable, and when they are, they should be soft and non-tender.

There are many causes of lymph node enlargement which include:

The upper limit in size of a normal node varies with location, and the size cut-off used depends on the desired sensitivity and specificity.

Measuring short axis diameter best represents the size of the lymph node in CT imaging 9.

See the article: cervical lymph node metastasis (radiologic criteria).

In general 10 mm is considered the upper limit for normal nodes (short axis diameter) 3-5. This does not, of course, take into consideration the fact that all nodal metastases must start at microscopic size, and thus using only size criteria will miss micrometastases. In the setting of lung cancer staging a sensitivity of 0.83 and a specificity of 0.82 are quoted for CT 5.

See the article: mediastinal lymph node enlargement.

Mesenteric nodes are increasingly visualized as a result of multidetector volume acquisition and are most easily seen on coronal reformats.

Although 3 mm has previously been used as the upper limit for the short axis diameter of mesenteric lymph nodes, up to 39% of healthy normal patients have larger nodes than this. As such a figure of 5 mm is considered normal 6.

See the article: normal mesenteric lymph nodes.

Khata is an essential document or certificate required by property owners in Bangalore. It is issued by Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP), the municipal corporation of Bangalore, to properties that fall under its jurisdiction. Khata acts as evidence that property tax has been paid on a particular property.

Every property owner in Bangalore must possess a Khata certificate in order to carry out further legal proceedings involving property details. But having a khata does not confer ownership of the property on the individual in whose name the khata is registered.

A Khata and B Khata denote the two types of khatas that exist under BBMP. The concept of khata came into effect in 2007 after BBMP was formed to simplify the collection of property taxes in Bangalore. Khata was introduced to improve the procedure of property tax collection.

BBMP started maintaining two registers to maintain the property taxes. The first register was called A Khata and it contained the list of the fully legal properties in Bangalore. A second register called B Khata was maintained to contain the list of illegal or semi-legal properties in Bangalore. Thus, A Khata and B Khata came to be formed.

An ‘A’ khata document certifies that the relevant property taxes have been duly paid by the property owner to the BBMP. It also denotes that the property conforms to all building bylaws and government regulations regarding properties in Bangalore.

The possession of A-khata document enables property owners to apply for building licenses, trade licenses, building plan approvals, and avail bank loans on the property. An A khata certificate is also required if the owner wants to get involved in any kind of financial transaction involving the property.

A ‘B’ khata document indicates that the property is illegal or is in violation of government regulations regarding properties in Bangalore, even when the civic charges for the property have been cleared by the owner. BBMP holds the right to collect taxes from buildings constructed illegally, including buildings constructed in violation of bylaws, constructions carried out on revenue land, properties built on unauthorized layouts, buildings without completion or issuance certificates, etc. Such properties are listed by BBMP under the B khata.

Having a B khata document bars a property owner from applying for licenses from the government. An owner of a property having a B khata document also cannot apply for loans on the property from the banks. But having a B khata document does not prevent the property from being sold or bought by people.

An A khata property enables the owner to carry out construction on the site. The owner can opt for any commercial or domestic construction. The A khata certificate can also be used to avail bank loans or loans from other financial organizations. Since A khata is recognized as a valid document, property owners can easily make transactions such as resell or transfer ownership of the property.

There are several differences between A khata and B khata properties. Some of the major differences are as follows:

B khata properties that have very little deviation from the accepted building laws and regulations can be converted to A khata. The owner of a B khata property can upgrade it to an A khata by fulfilling certain criteria and following a few steps, such as:

Step 1: Convert the land from agricultural to non-agricultural use by applying for District Commissioner (DC) Conversion.

Step 2: Clear all property taxes due on the property till date as per the government norms.

Step 3: Obtain the khata form from the BBMP office and fill in the details as required in the form.

Step 4: Gather all the required documents to be submitted along with the form.

Step 5: Pay BBMP Betterment Charges, which is the fee levied for converting from B khata to A khata and submit the filled-in form along with the tax receipts and the required documents to the Assistant Revenue Officer of the concerned area.

Generally, A khata document is issued within a period of 4 to 6 weeks after the submission of the form and the relevant documents.

Documents required for conversion of B Khata to A Khata

Property owners interested in converting their B khata property to A khata property must submit the following documents along with the form for conversion: