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Published 17 mayo 2017

Since April 2015 the CQC has had a power to bring criminal prosecutions against health and social care providers for failing to provide care and treatment in a safe way. These powers sit alongside those that exist for the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974.

After a slow start, the CQC has been using its prosecution powers with increasing frequency over the last few months.

In this briefing, we look at patterns emerging from the cases which have come before the criminal courts so far, and what to expect going forward as the CQC's use of its prosecution powers gains momentum.

Before 1 April 2015, the CQC had some limited powers to bring criminal prosecutions (e.g. for carrying on a regulated activity without being registered to do so), but these tended to be little used in practice.

The position changed from 1 April 2015. New regulations came into force which widened the CQC's powers to include the ability to prosecute providers for breaching certain of its Fundamental Standards without the need to issue a Warning Notice first. Since 1 April 2015, the CQC has therefore become the lead regulator in taking enforcement action against registered providers in the event of safety failings in the care and treatment context.

Coinciding with the introduction of these new powers, a Memorandum of Understanding was agreed between the CQC, Health & Safety Executive (HSE) and Local Authorities which - in effect - transferred enforcement responsibility for safety breaches involving registered health and social care providers from the HSE/Local Authorities to the CQC. There is however an overlap as the HSE will still continue to prosecute CQC registered providers in certain circumstances and so inevitably there is scope for confusion as to who is the appropriate enforcement authority.

Under the Health and Social Care Act 2008 (Regulated Activities) Regulations 2014, it is an offence to fail to comply with the following requirements if this results in avoidable harm or exposes a service user to a significant risk of avoidable harm:

It is a defence for the provider to show that it took all reasonable steps and exercised all due diligence to prevent the breach.

The first prosecution under the CQC's new powers was concluded in June 2016 - i.e. some 14 months after the new regulations came into effect - when a care home was fined by the criminal courts for failure to provide safe care and treatment resulting in avoidable harm.

This was followed by a second CQC prosecution of a care home for failure to provide safe care in September 2016.

Since then, the pace of CQC prosecutions has accelerated, with three concluded CQC prosecutions for safety failings already this year - a case each month in February, March and April 2017, plus the news in March that the CQC is pursuing its first prosecution against an NHS Trust for failure to provide safe care.

After the first prosecution last year, the CQC's Deputy Chief Inspector of Adult Social Care said: "When serious incidents occur, we now have additional powers to hold providers to account in the courts. In future if we find that a care provider has put people in its care at risk of harm, we will always consider using those powers to the full to prosecute those who are responsible."

All the signs are that the CQC is keeping to its word on this, and that numbers of CQC prosecutions will continue to grow.

Looking at the five 'safe care' CQC prosecutions that have so far come before the courts, are there any patterns which emerge?

Nature of breach - Whilst all prosecutions so far have related to breach of Regulation 12 safe care and treatment requirements, the cases have covered a wide range of safety issues, including medication errors, uncovered radiators and use of bed rails. This reflects the broad scope of the duty to provide care safely. Recurring themes have included:

Harm - Technically, prosecutions can be brought against providers without actual harm having been suffered but where there is nevertheless a risk of harm.  Based on the cases so far, actual harm seems more likely to result in a prosecution (although most of the cases have involved risk of harm to other service users as well as an incident of actual harm). In considering whether charges should be brought, the CQC - in addition to assessing the strength of the evidence in each case - will no doubt consider all of the circumstances and in particular the public interest, when determining whether a prosecution should be brought.

Warning Notices - The CQC does not need to serve a Warning Notice before prosecuting for a breach of regulations which constitute a criminal offence and, indeed, Warning Notices were not issued in all of the prosecutions brought to date. What is clear, however, is that where Warning Notices are issued and there has been a failure to implement appropriate remedial steps, there will be a much greater likelihood of a prosecution being brought.

All providers prosecuted so far have pleaded guilty, so none of the cases have gone to full trial. The lack of defence of these cases so far illustrates the significant burden placed on providers facing trials to demonstrate to the court that all reasonable steps have been taken and that all due diligence has been exercised to prevent the breach.

The penalty for offences under the CQC regulations is a fine. Importantly, however, the level of fine in the Magistrates Court is now unlimited, and the Magistrates Courts where these cases have all been sentenced have imposed some hefty fines on the providers prosecuted to date - e.g. £190,000 plus costs in one case and £150,000 plus costs in another.

This is partly because the courts have to follow the tough new sentencing guidelines for health and safety offences which were introduced from February 2016. These provide a framework for deciding on the appropriate level of financial penalty, including assessing the seriousness of the offence by looking at the defendant's degree of culpability and the level of harm/potential harm involved.

It is also worth remembering that a CQC prosecution can be brought against individual Registered Managers, as well as against the provider organisations themselves. In one of the prosecutions concluded so far, for example, the care home's former Registered Manager was fined £665.

Apart from the financial penalties involved, a CQC prosecution is likely to do considerable damage to a provider's reputation, with full details of CQC prosecutions and the outcome of court proceedings being published on the CQC's website.

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There are many ways to format a Lenovo tablet. The one that is least complicated will always be the most convenient, but this will also depend on the state of your device.

If the buttons don't respond, you won't be able to do a hard reset through your computer. Let us explain each process and then you will decide which one is best for your case.

If you can access the settings menu, you can easily reset your device, as long as the touch screen is turned on.

Follow the steps if that is the case.

A backup of your data is the first thing you should do. You can save the data on your computer or on your micro-sd if you use an application like Backup Your Mobile.

The best way to prevent data from being accidentally deleted is to remove the microSD card.

Go to "Settings / Backup and reset / Factory data reset" after you have saved your information.

When you press this last option, the system will wipe your data, leaving only the applications that the device came with when you purchased it. Any bugs or malware will be removed, making your tablets go faster.

Related article.

Hard reset is an option for when your tablets wont turn on or get stuck on the startup screen. The following are things to do for this method.

First, turn off your device, then press and hold the power and volume buttons at the same time. The power and volume keys should be held the same way once the logo appears.

Release the other button when the logo appears and wait for a menu with different options.

The volume up and volume down buttons can be used to select options.

Click the Power button if you choose "Wipe Data/ Factory Reset" Next, you will be able to choose from several options, which will be similar to "Yes deletion all user data".

You must choose "Reboot system now" after a few minutes.

After that, you will only have to wait a few minutes for the factory format to be completed, and your new device to be like new.

If the screen has stopped working or is stuck, it's not easy to reset a locked Lenovo tablet. You can try the following alternative.

To use this option, you need to have a signed in account on your device and it must be connected to the internet via wi-fi or data.

You can access the website from your PC if you meet the conditions.