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The patient should sit or lie comfortably. The arm should be fully supported on a flat surface at heart level. (If the arm’s position varies, or is not level with the heart, measurement values obtained will not be consistent with the patient’s true blood pressure). When seated, the patient should have his or her back and arm supported, and legs should be uncrossed. The patient should relax comfortably for five minutes prior to the measurement being taken, and should refrain from talking or moving during measurement. The observer should view the manometer in a direct line to avoid “parallax error.”

Application of the Cuff:

ADCUFF™ nylon cuffs are specially designed to promote the precise and accurate determination of blood pressure. Index and range markings ensure use of the correct cuff size. The artery mark indicates proper cuff positioning.

Place the cuff over the bare upper arm with the artery mark positioned directly over the brachial artery. The bottom edge of the cuff should be positioned approximately one inch (2-3 cm) above the antecubital fold. Wrap the end of the cuff not containing the bladder around the arm snugly and smoothly and engage adhesive strips. To verify a correct fit, check that the Index Line falls between the two Range Lines.

Cuff Inflation:

Close the ADFLOW™ valve by turning thumbscrew clockwise. Palpate the radial artery while inflating the cuff. Be sure to inflate cuff quickly by squeezing bulb rapidly. Inflate cuff 20-30 mmHg above the point at which the radial pulse disappears.

Positioning the Stethoscope:

Position the chestpiece in the antecubital space below the cuff, distal to the brachium. Do not place chestpiece underneath the cuff, as this impedes accurate measurement. Use the bell side of a combination stethoscope for clearest detection of the low pitched Korotkoff (pulse) sounds.

Deflate the Cuff:

Open the valve to deflate the cuff gradually at a rate of 2-3 mmHg per second. Record the onset of Korotkoff sounds as the systolic pressure, and the disappearance of these sounds as diastolic pressure. (Some healthcare professionals recommend recording diastolic 1 and diastolic 2. Diastolic one occurs at phase 4).

NOTE: It is recommended that K4 be used in children aged 3 to 12, and K5 should be used for pregnant female patients unless sounds are audible with the cuff deflated, in which case K4 should be used. K5 should be used for all other adult patients.

After measurement is completed, open valve fully to release any remaining air in the cuff and remove the cuff. Do not leave the cuff on the patient for an extended period of time.

Factors Affecting Measurements:

When taking blood pressure, it is vital that all of the steps involved in the process are properly observed. Small variations in technique can cause large variances in measurements, even on the same patient. The chart below shows some common issues that could affect readings:

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There are two types of risk insurance: term insurance and whole life insurance. Risk or death insurance is a type of life insurance in which the contracted capital is paid immediately after the death of the insured if it occurs before the end of the term of the insurance. If the insured person survives this period, the insurance is cancelled, leaving the premiums paid in favor of the insurance company.

For its part, whole life insurance extends its coverage throughout the life of the insured permanently, without a term. The compensation is paid immediately after the death of the insured, whatever the moment this occurs. Savings insurance or for cases of supervenience or retirement are intended to obtain capital at the end of the agreed term.

The purpose of these insurances is investment in the medium or long term to complement retirement benefits or to accumulate capital to face future situations. Sometimes the option of restitution of the insured capital is added if he has outlived a certain age, terminating the contract. In this case it would be a mixed life and death insurance.

In terms of whole life insurance, there are two modalities: There are several types of life insurance. Basically, there are four modalities, which are: risk insurance or for cases of death, savings insurance or for survival or retirement, mixed insurance and annuity insurance.

Each of these types of life insurance has its own characteristics. Let's see what each one consists of. ⇒ Read this: Taxation of life savings insurance: Legislative framework Temporary insurance is usually contracted to protect mortgage obligations, guarantee debt cancellation or as additional protection for the family.

Term insurance covers the risk of premature death before the contract ends. In this type of insurance, the risk component prevails over other variables. Its duration is one year, tacitly renewable up to a certain number of periods. Its cost is usually not very high and allows high coverage to be contracted. ⇒ Read this: What is whole life insurance?

The proximity of amino and nitro functional groups in o-nitroaniline results in intramolecular hydrogen bonding, making the molecule less polar. In p-nitroaniline, the amino group is para or opposite to the nitro group making the molecule more polar.