Irfaan Prasanna

The nearest airport to Pithoragarh is Pantnagar Airport and the IATA code for the same is PGH. Currently, there are 4 airlines operating on Delhi to Pithoragarh

Enterprise performance management (EPM) is a process and software system designed to help organizations (i.e., companies, government entities, educational institutions, and non-profits) link their strategies to their plans and execution.  Sounds easy right?  As anyone who has worked in a business enterprise knows, this can be challenging as an organization grows and evolves beyond its roots.  To support this, EPM includes the following management processes:

Organizations execute these processes in a “management cycle” (figure 1).  This cycle is run at least annually and, in most cases, quarterly or more often.  The objective of EPM is to ensure strategic goals and objectives are clearly communicated and understood by managers, and are reflected in their budgets and plans.  Getting all of the various departments of an organization aligned around goals and objectives is a critical starting point.

But effective EPM also requires periodic revisiting to ensure the organization remains aligned over time, especially as the business world has become more volatile and unpredictable.  This is handled through the periodic reporting and reviewing of results by internal stakeholders (i.e., the management team) and external stakeholders (i.e., board of directors, investors).  This typically occurs monthly, quarterly, and annually.  But some organizations do this more frequently, such as weekly in retail or CPG manufacturing.  The EPM process is even run daily in fast-paced industries, such as financial services and transportation.

Figure 1 – The Management Cycle

The EPM process also typically includes the monitoring and managing of key performance indicators (KPIs) that let managers in various departments and divisions of an organization understand key market and business trends on a regular basis (i.e., hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly).  Ultimately, this allows manager to respond quickly when the business or department is not performing to plan and to make adjustments to ensure they meet business objectives.

The concept of EPM and the management cycle has been around for many years, going back to the early days of the industrial revolution.  In the early years, EPM processes were managed manually, via paper, in meetings, and via presentations and discussion.  In the 1970s, as commercial software applications began to take hold in many organizations, accounting packages began to support the collection of budgets and financial results for reporting purposes.

In the 1980s, the availability of spreadsheet software such as VisiCalc and Lotus 123 allowed accounting and finance teams to automate the creation of budgets and reports, and replace manual worksheets.  This was further enhanced through the availability of email in the 1990s, which made it easier to share spreadsheets and support collaboration across departments in the collection and dissemination of budgeting and reporting data.

The 1980s also saw the emergence of the first dedicated EPM software packages.  Although they weren’t labeled as such, software packages such as IMRS Micro Control (which later became Hyperion Software) and Hyperion Enterprise (moving the concept from DOS to Microsoft Windows) attacked the financial consolidation and reporting process.  Packages such as Hyperion Pillar helped manage the process of budgeting and planning across the enterprise.

In the 1980s, we also saw the emergence of executive information systems (EIS), which were designed to deliver graphical reports and KPIs to senior executives via their personal computers.  This concept later evolved into software-based, visual dashboards and scorecards, which can deliver KPIs and metrics to executives, as well as managers across the organization.

Since the 1980’s, EPM software platforms have evolved from mainframe systems to Windows-based client/server systems, then to internet-enabled, web-browser-based applications.  Today there’s increasing demand for software as a service (SaaS) (a.k.a. cloud-based software) that allows Finance to take control, deploy the solution quickly, and receive automatic, low-cost upgrades.

Each generation of EPM software has brought new benefits to users and organizations.  Spreadsheets helped accounting and Finance staff speed the process of capturing, recording, and calculating data. Then email made it easier to share that data.  Packaged EPM software helps organizations increase efficiency by eliminating or augmenting spreadsheets, and improving planning and reporting processes through centralized databases, workflow, and process control.  This helps drive accountability across the enterprise by aligning strategic, financial, and operational goals, broadening budgeting participants, and empowering managers with more timely information.

Cloud-based EPM software, builds on the benefits of traditional EPM software, making it easier and faster to deploy, reduces the cost of ownership, increases innovation speed, and supports enhanced collaboration across the enterprise.  It helps organizations automate manual tasks, accelerate key finance processes, and drive better alignment between Finance and operations.

While EPM software provides a great deal of value to organizations, it can’t do this alone.  It relies on data captured and generated in other systems, such as GLs, ERP, HCM, CRM, and others.  The power of an EPM platform is that it’s designed to collect and consolidate data from multiple sources to support key EPM processes, such as budgeting, forecasting, financial reporting, and modeling.

So while managers sometimes get confused about the role of EPM vs. ERP software, they’re actually quite complementary and work better together.  ERP systems focus on automating transactional processes, while EPM systems focus on automating management processes.

There may sometimes also be confusion about the role of EPM software vs. business intelligence (BI) software.  EPM and BI software are related, and both are part of the broader software segment known as business analytics.  I think the simplest way to explain the relationship is as follows:

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You’ll often see soft point bullets available when shopping for ammo. What are they and when should you use them? Keep reading to learn more about soft point ammo.

A soft point bullet is nearly completely jacketed, although its jacket stops just short of covering the nose of the bullet. This exposes the soft lead that comprises the bullet’s core at its tip – hence the name “soft point.”

The SP can share a profile similar to a standard full metal jacket (FMJ) bullet. Unlike an FMJ bullet, however, it expands and inflicts greater damage as it penetrates soft tissue. Because of this, hunters commonly use them. They are popular for self-defense with revolvers and semi-automatic rifles as well.

When a soft point collides with soft tissue, its exposed lead core at its tip reacts by squashing inward. In effect, the soft point expands to significantly wider than its original diameter as it tumbles around within soft tissue. This creates a far more injurious wound channel than it could have without expansion.

The soft point’s partial jacket serves to reduce bore fouling and prevent deformation under the intense pressure of ignition. It also strengthens the bullet for deeper penetration. This keeps it from fragmenting apart as it expands, promoting a deeper wound channel with a greater chance of reaching some vital organ.

A soft point’s jacket may feature symmetrical notches which direct more predictable, uniform terminal expansion. The jacket may also be bonded to its core. This helps to keep the two anchored together so that their combined weight and momentum can ensure deeper penetration.

The primary disadvantage of SP bullets is their round or flat nose profiles, which are inherently less aerodynamic.

A variant of the SP called the pointed soft point (PSP) helps to correct this. The PSP has a sharp, ballistically efficient tip which generates less drag in flight. Still, only experienced marksmen will likely notice the PSP’s flatter trajectory and improved accuracy.

The greatest advantage of the soft point is the simplicity of its design, which makes it more cost-effective. The two leading name-brand SP bullets – Winchester’s Power Point and Remington’s Core-Lokt – have remained largely unchanged for years. Their simple, affordable designs indisputably work.

Hunters who prefer lever-action rifles are largely limited to soft-point bullets. This is because an SP can have a flat nose profile, which is required to prevent accidental ignition in a lever-action’s tubular magazine. If a pointed bullet manages to ignite the primer on the round stored in front of it in a tubular magazine, the rifle will explode and potentially cause injury.

Don’t confuse a soft point with hollow point or polymer tip bullets.

The expanding action of a soft point isn’t all that different from a hollow point’s intended behavior when it hits a soft target. While the soft point essentially puddles into a flat mass, a hollow point bullet blossoms out. Both actions create a wider wound channel. The hollow point, though, is generally considered a more reliable means to get as wide as possible.

A hollow point’s lead core is similarly exposed at its tip, yet its profile is concave rather than convex. This design may permit a hollow point to expand wider than an SP, yet its nose profile is not as conducive to long distance accuracy.

A polymer tip bullet may deliver terminal expansion as well, yet it achieves expansion as its tip smashes into its underlying nose cavity.

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