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The most common comparison operators are the equality operator (==) and the inequality operator (!=). It’s almost impossible to write any meaningful amount of Python code without using at least one of those operators.

The equality operator (==) is one of the most used operators in Python code. You often need to compare either an unknown result with a known result or two unknown results against each other. Some functions return values that need to be compared against a sentinel to see if some edge condition has been detected. Sometimes you need to compare the results from two functions against each other.

The equality operator is often used to compare numbers:

You may have used equality operators before. They’re some of the most common operators in Python. For all built-in Python objects, and for most third-party classes, they return a Boolean value: True or False.

Second only to the equality operator in popularity is the inequality operator (!=). It returns True if the arguments aren’t equal and False if they are. The examples are similarly wide-ranging. Many unit tests check that the value isn’t equal to a specific invalid value. A web client might check that the error code isn’t 404 Not Found before trying an alternative.

Here are two examples of the Python inequality operator in use:

Perhaps the most surprising thing about the Python inequality operator is the fact that it exists in the first place. After all, you could achieve the same result as 1 != 2 with not (1 == 2). Python usually avoids extra syntax, and especially extra core operators, for things easily achievable by other means.

However, inequality is used so often that it was deemed worthwhile to have a dedicated operator for it. In old versions of Python, in the 1.x series, there were actually two different syntaxes.

As an April Fools’ joke, Python still supports an alternative syntax for inequality with the right __future__ import:

This should never be used in any code meant for real use. It could come in handy for your next Python trivia night, however.

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