Syra Stenberg

Weight loss is an important part of reducing high blood pressure, especially for people with obesity, as it’s a strong risk factor for hypertension. Dr. Mehta says people who are overweight can have between a two- to six-fold increase in risk of developing hypertension.

“With less weight, the heart and arteries do not have to work as hard,” says Dr. Desai. “The heart muscle and the muscles in the arteries do not thicken. Thickening can lead to further increases in blood pressure because of reduced give or elasticity of blood vessels.”

Talk to your doctor or registered dietitian about a safe weight loss plan that will work for you, or consider trying a support app like Noom. “Even modest weight loss in these patients—4 to 10 pounds—is associated with a significant reduction in blood pressure levels,” says Dr. Mehta. However, a 2013 study of more than 740 people found long-term reductions in blood pressure only persisted with weight loss exceeding 2% of the person’s initial weightCost-Effectiveness of High Blood Pressure Interventions. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed 7/11/2021. .

Regular exercise not only aids in weight loss, but also helps decrease high blood pressure. A 2016 study found blood pressure decreased in the hours after an exercise session regardless of a person’s age, sex and other characteristicsTyson CC, Lawrence JA, Vollmer WM, et al. Impact of Five Year Weight Change on Blood Pressure: Results From The Weight Loss Maintenance Trial. J Clin Hypertension. 2013;15(7):458-464. . This effect can result in “somewhere between a 10 and 15 mmHg reduction in systolic blood pressure levels,” says Dr. Mehta.

Most doctors recommend at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise each day. “Aerobic exercise gets the heart rate up in a gradual and consistent fashion, helps to stretch the heart and arteries, and also increases blood flow to the organs,” says Dr. Desai.

If you can’t do 30 minutes, Dr. Desai recommends at least 15 to 20 minutes a day, five to seven days a week. Some aerobic exercise options include walking, running, swimming, using an elliptical machine, cycling and playing tennis.

“Salt is the enemy of high blood pressure,” says Dr. Desai. When you eat too much salt, it increases the amount of fluid that enters the bloodstream and arteries from the surrounding tissue, which raises the pressure in the arteries.

While you may not have to remove salt from your diet completely, avoid foods very high in salt like chips, French fries, salted nuts, soups, store-bought salad dressings, processed foods and cheese.

Drinking too much coffee or too many energy drinks that contain caffeine isn’t recommended for people with high blood pressure. “Caffeine is a form of adrenaline,” says Dr. Desai. “It constricts the arteries and raises the heart rate, both of which increase blood pressure.”

If you have high blood pressure, ask your doctor whether you need to adjust your morning coffee habit, as Dr. Mehta says high levels of caffeine can worsen blood pressure control. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers the equivalent of four cups of coffee a day (400 milligrams) safe for the general population, but most experts recommend 200 milligrams or less (two cups of coffee) for people with established hypertension, says Dr. Mehta.

Staying hydrated may be an important way to keep your blood pressure reading in a normal range. “When you’re dehydrated, the body produces stress hormones to maintain blood flow to organs,” says Dr. Desai. This response can increase blood pressure.

Meanwhile, a 2015 study found a link between dehydration and high blood pressure, although more research is neededCarpio-Rivera E, Moncada-Jiménez J, Salazar-Rojas W, Solera-Herrera A. Acute Effects of Exercise on Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analytic Investigation. Arq Bras Cardiology. 2016;106(5):422-433. . Reducing your caffeine intake and drinking water regularly are both effective ways to prevent dehydration.

A large 2019 study conducted by the American College of Cardiology found moderate alcohol consumption, defined as seven to 13 drinks a week, can substantially increase risk of high blood pressureEl-Sharkawy AM, Sahota O, Lobo DN. Acute and Chronic Effects of Hydration Status on Health. Nutrition Review. 2015;73(2):97-109. .

Alcohol can increase your body weight, deplete the body of magnesium and potassium, and dehydrate you, according to Dr. Desai. What’s more, alcohol increases stress levels, which cause elevated blood pressure over time as well, he says.

A small study in the International Journal of Hypertension found magnesium supplementation can reduce blood pressure in small amountsAladin A, Chevli P, Ahmad MI, Rasool S, Herrington D. Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73:12. . Talk to your doctor before taking magnesium supplements, especially if you have kidney disease. You can also safely incorporate high-magnesium foods into your diet. Dr. Desai recommends foods like leafy green vegetables and unsalted almonds.

Beyond magnesium, research in the British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology suggests potassium, L-arginine, vitamin C, cocoa flavonoids, beetroot juice, coenzyme Q10, controlled-release melatonin and aged garlic extract may also help reduce blood pressureBorghi C, Cicero AFG.. Nutraceuticals with a clinically detectable blood pressure-lowering effect: a review of available randomized clinical trials and their meta-analyses. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2017;83(1):163–171. . FEATURED PARTNER OFFER Partner Offers feature brands who paid Forbes Health to appear at the top of our list. While this may influence where their products or services appear on our site, it in no way affects our ratings, which are based on thorough research, solid methodologies and expert advice. Our partners cannot pay us to guarantee favorable reviews of their products or servicesUtzy Hiburil Blood Pressure SupportMade with natural ingredients like herbal extracts for multi-faceted supportFormulated with the dynamic duo of PhytoHib, a high potency hibiscus extract, and Olive Leaf extractAdded Lemon Balm extract (standardized to contain 4% Rosemarinic Acid) for comprehensive blood pressure supportFormula and dosage based on human clinical researchShop Now On Amazon

A healthy diet plays an important part in reducing high blood pressure, so many doctors recommend reducing consumption of processed foods. Processed foods are often loaded with sodium and saturated fats, two things people with hypertension want to avoid.

“A good rule of thumb is to have multiple colors of food on your plate,” says Dr. Desai. He recommends eating more berries, bananas, beets, dark chocolate, kiwis, watermelon, oats, garlic, lentils, pomegranates, cinnamon, unsalted pistachios and fermented foods like yogurt.

“Chronic stress can lead to chronic elevations in the stress hormones cortisol and adrenaline,” says Dr. Desai. “These hormones constrict the arteries and cause weight gain, which further increases blood pressure.”

He recommends reducing stress by using breathing exercises, practicing meditation, completing physical exercise, practicing yoga, logging quality sleep, taking breaks throughout the day, spending time in nature, listening to music and eating a balanced diet.

“Smoking leads to constriction of the arteries acutely, and long-term use greatly contributes to the development of high blood pressure,” says Dr. Mehta. One study in Hypertension found smoking can cause an immediate but temporary increase in blood pressureNguyen H, Odelola OA, Rangaswami J, Amanullah A. A Review of Nutritional Factors in Hypertension Management. International Journal of Hypertension. 2013;698940. . Take the steps you need to quit smoking if you have hypertension.

Small amounts of dark chocolate aren’t just tasty—they might help lower blood pressure as well. One large 2010 study found people who didn’t have hypertension and ate more dark chocolate had lower blood pressure than those who ate less dark chocolatePrimatesta P, Falaschetti E, Gupta S, Marmot MG, Poulter NR. Association Between Smoking and Blood Pressure. Hypertension. 2001;37:187-193. .

Dr. Desai notes the dark chocolate should have high amounts of cocoa—aim for at least 70%—and should be low in sugar. “It’s likely that a compound in dark chocolate known as flavonoids releases a substance known as nitric oxide, which relaxes blood vessels,” says Dr. Mehta.

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