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• Reduce Stress. The March of Dimes reports that maternal stress is associated with preterm birth and low birthweight.
• Exercise Regularly.
• Get Enough Sleep.
• Build a Support System.
• Talk to Your Healthcare Team.
• Stay Hydrated.

Resting membrane potential is:

RMP is produced and maintained by:

RMP is created by the distribution of ions and its diffusion across the membrane. Potassium ions are important for RMP because of its active transport, which increase more its concentration inside the cell. However, the potassium-selective ion channels are always open, producing an accumulation of negative charge inside the cell. Its outward movement is due to random molecular motion and continues until enough excess negative charge accumulates inside the cell to form a membrane potential.

The Na+/K+ ATPase pump creates a concentration gradient by moving 3Na+ out of the cell and 2K+ into the cell. Na+ is being pumped out and K+ pumped in against their concentration gradients. Because this pump is moving ions against their concentration gradients, it requires energy.

The cell membrane contains protein channels that allow ions to diffuse passively without direct expenditure of metabolic energy. These channels allow Na + and K+ to move across the cell membrane from a higher concentration toward a lower. As these channels have selectivity for certain ions, there are potassium- and sodium- selective ion channels. All cell membranes are more permeable to K+ than to Na+ because they have more K+ channels than Na+.

Ihhs a mathematical equation applied in physiology, to calculate equilibrium potentials for certain ions.

Failed to parse (syntax error): {\displaystyle Ei = (\frac{R·T}{F·z})\cdot ln\frac{1}{2}}

Is a mathematical equation applied in Physiology, to determine the potential across a cell's membrane, taking in account all the ions that are permeable through it.

E m = 58 l o g ( P N a ⋅ [ N a ] o u t + P K ⋅ [ K ] o u t P N a ⋅ [ N a ] i n + P K ⋅ [ K ] i n ) {\displaystyle Em=58log({\frac {PNa\cdot out+PK\cdot out}{PNa\cdot in+PK\cdot in}})}

In some cells, the RPM is always changing. For such, there is never any resting potential, which is only a theoretical concept. Other cells with membrane transport functions that change potential with time, have a resting potential. This can be measured by inserting an electrode into the cell. Transmembrane potentials can also be measured optically with dyes that change their optical properties according to the membrane potential.

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