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Understanding the most vital biology concepts at the class 10 level ensures a stronger base for students who plan to pursue medical science. The difference between blood and lymph is one of those basic concepts. However, it is important to understand the composition and functions of blood and lymph to acknowledge the differences between the two completely.

On reviewing Class 10 Previous Year Question Papers, one can note that differences, similarities, definitions, functions, and reasons constitute a larger part of the biology exam questions. The following article compares the two fluids and also provides definitions and functions.

Definition: The constantly circulating, specialised body fluid in the circulatory system of vertebrates that delivers oxygen and nutrients to various body cells and carries away metabolic waste products from them is called blood.

It is a fluid connective tissue in our body and contributes significantly to the transportation of several substances from one part of the body to another.

Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow. The bone marrow produces up to 95% of the body’s blood cells. Haemopoiesis or hematopoiesis refers to the continuous production of cellular constituents of blood in the bone marrow. It ensures replenishment as needed.

Blood contains several blood cells and proteins suspended in a liquid called plasma. The presence of cells and other structures makes the blood thicker than water.

The main components of blood are as follows:

Some other components of blood are

It is essential to study the blood flow pathway to understand its functions. Blood flows in the following order through our hearts.

Body → inferior/superior vena cava → right atrium → via tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary arteries → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium → via mitral or bicuspid valve → left ventricle → via aortic valve → aorta → body → inferior/ superior vena cava.

In addition to its primary function of transportation of substances, blood has several other important roles to play. The main functions of blood are

Definition: A colourless and clear fluid containing lymphocytes, the white blood cells, flowing in the lymphatic vessels is called lymph.

Lymph is a slightly alkaline coagulable fluid forming a major part of the lymphatic system. It is found in the lymphatic vessels and reaches out to various body cavities.

Lymph formation occurs when the interstitial fluid gets collected through tiny lymph capillaries located throughout the body. Thus, lymph is produced as the affluent of interstitial fluid. The colourless fluid is then transported via lymphatic vessels to lymph nodes. The lymph nodes are associated with cleaning and filtering lymph. It then flows into the lymphatic ducts. Finally, lymph empties into the left or the right subclavian vein and mixes back with blood.

The components of lymph are as follows:

The flow of lymph in the human body can be represented as follows:

Intercellular spaces containing interstitial fluids → Lymph capillaries → larger lymph vessels → afferent lymph vessels → lymph nodes → efferent lymphatic vessels → lymph ducts or trunks → two large ducts: right lymphatic duct and left thoracic duct → the right lymphatic duct drains into the junction of the right internal jugular and right subclavian veins. In contrast, the left thoracic duct drains into the junction of the right internal jugular and right subclavian veins.

The main functions of lymph are as follows:

The differences and similarities between blood and lymph are amongst the most important biology concepts. It is important not just for CBSE class 10th exams but also for NEET. Students can check out the NEET Biology Syllabus to understand the value of the topic.

The following table enumerates the points of difference between blood and lymph based on various characteristics of the two.

Despite several points of difference between blood and lymph, there are a few similarities between them.


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