Eve Jackson-Cohen

Most add-ins can be categorized into three different types:

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In this tutorial, we will provide an overview of android layout. We will also explore some of the specific layout controls available for organising the screen content namely - Android LinearLayout and Android RelativeLayout.

The basic building block for user interface is a View object that is created from the View class and occupies a rectangular area on the screen. Views are the base class for UI components like TextView, Button, EditText etc. The ViewGroup is a subclass of View. One or more Views can be grouped together into a ViewGroup. A ViewGroup provides the android layout in which we can order the appearance and sequence of views. Examples of ViewGroup are LinearLayout, FrameLayout, RelativeLayout etc.

Android provides the following ViewGroups or layouts:

In this tutorial we’ll focus on the two most used android layout:

android:layout_width=wrap_content tells the view to size itself to the dimensions required by its content. android:layout_width=match_parent tells the view to become as big as its parent view.

The syntax for an ID, inside an XML tag is:

Android LinearLayout organizes elements along a single line. We can specify whether that line is vertical or horizontal using android:orientation. The orientation is horizontal by default. A vertical LinearLayout will only have one child per row (so it is a column of single elements), and a horizontal LinearLayout will only have one single row of elements on the screen. android:layout_weight attribute depicts the importance of the element. An element with larger weight occupies more screen space. Here is a sample Layout XML using LinearLayout: layout_linear.xml

In this layout we have a Parent LinearLayout which has a vertical orientation and contains buttons, textviews and a nested Linear Layout(having a horizontal orientation) as child views. Note: Nested layouts don’t have to be of one type. We could, for example, have a LinearLayout as one of the children in a RelativeLayout and vice-versa.

Android RelativeLayout lays out elements based on their relationships with one another, and with the parent container. This is one of the most complicated layout and we need several properties to actually get the layout we desire. That is, using RelativeLayout we can position a view to be toLeftOf, toRightOf, below or above its siblings. We can also position a view with respect to its parent such as centered horizontally, vertically or both, or aligned with any of the edges of the parent RelativeLayout. If none of these attributes are specified on a child view then the view is by default rendered to the top left position.

The following are the major attributes used across RelativeLayout. They lay across three different categories:

“@id/XXXXX” is used to reference an element by its id. One thing to remember is that referencing an element before it has been declared will produce an error so @+id/ should be used in such cases.

The following xml layout uses RelativeLayout: layout_relative.xml

As you can see we can rearrange elements based on their relative positions. The following xml layout represents a custom layout having nested linear and relative layouts. layout_mixed.xml

This project consists of three activities and the respective layouts that were discussed above.

The application launches into the MainActivity which loads the layout_linear.xml contents by the following code:

The SecondActivity and ThirdActivity load the layout_relative.xml and layout_mixed.xml layouts respectively as shown below:

The image outputs of the three layout files are shown below: layout_linear.xml As you can see the Parent LinearLayout consists of 6 child elements in a single vertical column among which one is a nested LinearLayout child view containing 4 components in horizontal orientation. layout_relative.xml The arrows pointing in the image above depict how siblings are positioned relative to each other and relative to the container. layout_mixed.xml This Relative Layout consists of a Vertical LinearLayout within a Nested Horizontal LinearLayout along with a Child RelativeLayout. Note: Components belonging to different layouts are not siblings and hence can’t be positioned relative to each other. It’s their container layouts that are siblings and can be positioned relative to each other. If you are wondering about the blue lined rectangles and arrows, it’s because the images are from xml layouts in graphical view. When you will run the app, these blue lines and rectangles will not be shown. This brings an end to android layout tutorial. We’ll cover the other android layouts in the next tutorials. You can download the final Android Layout Project from the link below.

Download Android LinearLayout RelativeLayout Example Project