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XML Namespaces provide a method to avoid element name conflicts.

In XML, element names are defined by the developer. This often results in a conflict when trying to mix XML documents from different XML applications.

This XML carries HTML table information:

This XML carries information about a table (a piece of furniture):

If these XML fragments were added together, there would be a name conflict. Both contain a

A user or an XML application will not know how to handle these differences.

Name conflicts in XML can easily be avoided using a name prefix.

This XML carries information about an HTML table, and a piece of furniture:

In the example above, there will be no conflict because the two

When using prefixes in XML, a namespace for the prefix must be defined.

The namespace can be defined by an xmlns attribute in the start tag of an element.

The namespace declaration has the following syntax. xmlns:prefix="URI".

In the example above:

The xmlns attribute in the first

The xmlns attribute in the second

When a namespace is defined for an element, all child elements with the same prefix are associated with the same namespace.

Namespaces can also be declared in the XML root element:

Note: The namespace URI is not used by the parser to look up information.

The purpose of using an URI is to give the namespace a unique name.

However, companies often use the namespace as a pointer to a web page containing namespace information.

A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a string of characters which identifies an Internet Resource.

The most common URI is the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) which identifies an Internet domain address. Another, not so common type of URI is the Uniform Resource Name (URN).

Defining a default namespace for an element saves us from using prefixes in all the child elements. It has the following syntax:

This XML carries HTML table information:

This XML carries information about a piece of furniture:

XSLT is a language that can be used to transform XML documents into other formats.

The XML document below, is a document used to transform XML into HTML.

The namespace "http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" identifies XSLT elements inside an HTML document:

If you want to learn more about XSLT, please read our XSLT Tutorial.

Answer is posted for the following question.

What is a xml namespace?