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Ultra high frequency (UHF) is the ITU designation for radio frequencies in the range between 300 megahertz (MHz) and 3 gigahertz (GHz), also known as the decimetre band as the wavelengths range from one meter to one tenth of a meter (one decimeter). Radio waves with frequencies above the UHF band fall into the super-high frequency (SHF) or microwave frequency range. Lower frequency signals fall into the VHF (very high frequency) or lower bands. UHF radio waves propagate mainly by line of sight; they are blocked by hills and large buildings although the transmission through building walls is strong enough for indoor reception. They are used for television broadcasting, cell phones, satellite communication including GPS, personal radio services including Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, walkie-talkies, cordless phones, satellite phones, and numerous other applications.

The IEEE defines the UHF radar band as frequencies between 300 MHz and 1 GHz. Two other IEEE radar bands overlap the ITU UHF band: the L band between 1 and 2 GHz and the S band between 2 and 4 GHz.

Radio waves in the UHF band travel almost entirely by line-of-sight propagation (LOS) and ground reflection; unlike in the HF band there is little to no reflection from the ionosphere (skywave propagation), or ground wave. UHF radio waves are blocked by hills and cannot travel beyond the horizon, but can penetrate foliage and buildings for indoor reception. Since the wavelengths of UHF waves are comparable to the size of buildings, trees, vehicles and other common objects, reflection and diffraction from these objects can cause fading due to multipath propagation, especially in built-up urban areas. Atmospheric moisture reduces, or attenuates, the strength of UHF signals over long distances, and the attenuation increases with frequency. UHF TV signals are generally more degraded by moisture than lower bands, such as VHF TV signals.

Since UHF transmission is limited by the visual horizon to 30–40 miles (48–64 km) and usually to shorter distances by local terrain, it allows the same frequency channels to be reused by other users in neighboring geographic areas (frequency reuse). Radio repeaters are used to retransmit UHF signals when a distance greater than the line of sight is required.

Occasionally when conditions are right, UHF radio waves can travel long distances by tropospheric ducting as the atmosphere warms and cools throughout the day.

The length of an antenna is related to the length of the radio waves used. Due to the short wavelengths, UHF antennas are conveniently stubby and short; at UHF frequencies a quarter-wave monopole, the most common omnidirectional antenna is between 2.5 and 25 cm long. UHF wavelengths are short enough that efficient transmitting antennas are small enough to mount on handheld and mobile devices, so these frequencies are used for two-way land mobile radio systems, such as walkie-talkies, two-way radios in vehicles, and for portable wireless devices; cordless phones and cell phones. Omnidirectional UHF antennas used on mobile devices are usually short whips, sleeve dipoles, rubber ducky antennas or the planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) used in cellphones. Higher gain omnidirectional UHF antennas can be made of collinear arrays of dipoles and are used for mobile base stations and cellular base station antennas.

The short wavelengths also allow high gain antennas to be conveniently small. High gain antennas for point-to-point communication links and UHF television reception are usually Yagi, log periodic, corner reflectors, or reflective array antennas. At the top end of the band, slot antennas and parabolic dishes become practical. For satellite communication, helical and turnstile antennas are used since satellites typically employ circular polarization which is not sensitive to the relative orientation of the transmitting and receiving antennas. For television broadcasting specialized vertical radiators that are mostly modifications of the slot antenna or reflective array antenna are used: the slotted cylinder, zig-zag, and panel antennas.

UHF television broadcasting fulfilled the demand for additional over-the-air television channels in urban areas. Today, much of the bandwidth has been reallocated to land mobile radio system, trunked radio and mobile telephone use. UHF channels are still used for digital television.

Since at UHF frequencies transmitting antennas are small enough to install on portable devices, the UHF spectrum is used worldwide for land mobile radio systems, two-way radios used for voice communication for commercial, industrial, public safety, and military purposes. Examples of personal radio services are GMRS, PMR446, and UHF CB. Some wireless computer networks use UHF frequencies. The widely adopted GSM and UMTS cellular networks use UHF cellular frequencies.

Major telecommunications providers have deployed voice and data cellular networks in VHF/UHF range. This allows mobile phones and mobile computing devices to be connected to the public switched telephone network and the Internet. Satellite phones also use this frequency in the L band and S band.

UHF radars are said to be effective at tracking stealth fighters, if not stealth bombers.

Wi-Fi operates at 2412 MHz-2484 MHz. LTE also operates on UHF frequencies

UHF channels are used for digital television broadcasting on both over the air channels and cable television channels. Since 1962, UHF channel tuners (at the time, channels 14–83) have been required in television receivers by the All-Channel Receiver Act. However, because of their more limited range, and because few sets could receive them until older sets were replaced, UHF channels were less desirable to broadcasters than VHF channels (and licenses sold for lower prices).

A complete list of US Television Frequency allocations can be found at Pan-American television frequencies.

There is a considerable amount of lawful unlicensed activity (cordless phones, wireless networking) clustered around 900 MHz and 2.4 GHz, regulated under Title 47 CFR Part 15. These ISM bands – frequencies with a higher unlicensed power permitted for use originally by Industrial, Scientific, Medical apparatus – are now some of the most crowded in the spectrum because they are open to everyone. The 2.45 GHz frequency is the standard for use by microwave ovens, adjacent to the frequencies allocated for Bluetooth network devices.

The spectrum from 806 MHz to 890 MHz (UHF channels 70–83) was taken away from TV broadcast services in 1983, primarily for analog mobile telephony.

In 2009, as part of the transition from analog to digital over-the-air broadcast of television, the spectrum from 698 MHz to 806 MHz (UHF channels 52–69) was removed from TV broadcasting, making it available for other uses. Channel 55, for instance, was sold to Qualcomm for their MediaFLO service, which was later sold to AT&T, and discontinued in 2011. Some US broadcasters had been offered incentives to vacate this channel early, permitting its immediate mobile use. The FCC's scheduled auction for this newly available spectrum was completed in March 2008.

The amount received as LTA is tax-free up to a certain limit under Section 10(5) of the Income Tax Act, 1961. This means you can deduct LTA as an exemption from your taxable income.

So, you’ve bought a ukulele intending to take lessons and learning how to play. Deciding to pick up an instrument is a fun and exciting one but you will need to equip yourself with the right gear.

You will need to buy yourself a ukulele strap. There are different types out there and they all install differently. There are some straps that require you to do a little bit of drilling and others where this isn’t required.

To help you get your instrument up and ready to be played, here is a quick guide on all you need to know about attaching a strap.

This is the most popular ukulele strap on the market because it's so easy to put on. It doesn't require you to do any drilling into the instrument at all. All you have to do is hook it to the very bottom of the sound hole.

After you've attached it there bring it under the body of the instrument and loop it where it will fit over your neck or chest. Whichever you prefer.

The only problem with using this method is that your Ukulele will flip over if you're not holding it. This shouldn't be too much of an issue though since you'll be holding it when you play it.

This system will support your ukulele a little better than hooking it on the sound hole. The strap will come with a few metal brackets that attach to the instrument by an adhesive. Again, no drilling required.

These are a permanent part of the instrument once you put them on. There are ways to take them off but it's easier to leave it.

Keep in mind that you don't want to use this system if your instrument has any kind of glossy finish. It will ruin it.

If you have a ukulele with a glossy finish, don't want to put an adhesive on it, or the sound hole method doesn't work for you then you can use a Ukelele Leash.

It looks sort of like a dog leash. You'll attach the long end to the headstock of the instrument and then put your arm through the loop on the other end. Bring the strap over your head and behind your neck.

You'll have to support the Ukulele with your strumming arm but there is no further installation or attachments involved with this method.

There are some straps that will require you to install buttons. These are the regular Ukelele straps and the single button ones. The regular straps need a two-point installation, but they are the most affordable on the market.

As the name suggests, the single button straps only require a single button to be attached. They are thought to provide a bit more support than the regular ones, and the price is about the same.

For this instruction, we will go over how to install buttons for a regular strap. Grab your drill and let's get started.

Buttons usually come in black or chrome so pick whichever suits your fancy. The only thing you need to keep in mind is to make sure that the ones you buy come with the screw that you'll need. They should also include washers that provide a cushion between the buttons and the instrument.

Once you've got everything you need it's time to pick up your drill and get to work. You'll be putting holes into the wood of your instrument to make way for the buttons.

Look at the size of the drill bit. If it's too large then the screw will be too loose when you get around to installing it. If it's too small then you'll crack the wood and ruin your ukulele.

The drill bit should be the same size as the core of the screw. If it's a little bit bigger than that's fine too. If you're not sure which one to use start with something small and go up if it feels like it will be too tight.

The hole that will house your bottom button should be at the center bottom of the ukulele. You can see where you need to put it by looking through the sound hole of the instrument. Most of the time there is a little bit of extra wood there.

The wood is the thickest at the base of the neck so that's where you want to drill your hole. It should go on the bottom side part of the neck. Which side depends on if you're left or right-handed.

Once you've got your holes drilled you can screw in the buttons. Use a regular hand screwdriver for this job rather than a power one so you'll know if things are getting tight enough to crack the wood.

Again, make sure that there is a washer between the button and the ukulele to protect the wood. After you've got these buttons installed you can put on the strap.

The values of dose factors, which convert 'activities' in becquerels to 'doses' in sieverts , are very tiny because the Sievert ( Sv ) is a large unit and the

To access it, either hold down to the d-pad to bring up the character selection wheel and select the bottom segment (which represents your GTA Online character), or pause the game, pick the Online menu tab and choose the Play GTA Online option

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The London Borough of Waltham Forest is a London borough in north-east London, England. Its population is estimated to be 276,983 in 2019.

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