Rollin Prival

When we are caught up in the rush of performing our daily tasks and responsibilities, we miss the small details in life. One of these major details is our regular expenses like housing, transportation, and food. Although we often don’t account for our everyday spending, it is the largest item which drains our livelihood. When the prices in our regular shopping list go up, the amount of free cash in our hand goes down. The increase in prices usually happen in subtle ways, and we are usually unaware of it. This is known as inflation. Basic expenses are mostly the same for everyone, and by monitoring the changes in their prices, we can measure how costly life is getting over time.

Consumer Price Index (CPI) is the main economic indicator that is used to track the inflation rate and the cost of living in a country. It comprises a basket of goods and services and calculates the basket price as a weighted average of the constituent items’ retail prices. CPI is released on a monthly basis, but quarterly and yearly reports are also common. Periodic release of CPI reports allows us to analyse the change in the prices of the individual items as well as the whole basket over time. The rate which the basket price changes over time is also known as the inflation rate. CPI was first created during World War I when an abnormal surge in prices led to the creation of an index to calculate the cost of living adjustments. In 1984, a baseline of 100 was set for CPI figures in the actual report.

If the CPI figure is 140, it would mean that the inflation is 40% higher than the 1984 figure. Nowadays, CPI serves as the main indicator of inflation and helps the national central bank to adjust its monetary policy in accordance with their inflation targets. A consistent level of inflation (i.e., 2%) is considered healthy for a steady economic growth. CPI, like any inflation indicators, it is a lagging indicator in the sense that it informs about the change in a past period. When a country publishes a CPI report, the results are expressed as the percentage of change compared to the previous issue.

If the result is positive, the consumer prices have increased, and the inflation rate is rising. In the opposite scenario, the consumers would be paying less, and inflation would be decreasing. The reaction of markets would depend on the economic conditions of the country. For example, under normal economic conditions, an increasing CPI would encourage the central bank to raise interest rates, which would add value to the currency and attract traders to buy more. However, if the current inflation is too high or the economy is in recession, the stagnant income level of citizens wouldn’t match the rising cost of living and eventually reduce consumer spending over time. Thus, it can create the opposite effect and repel investors away.

Consumer Price Index measures the inflation rate of the consumer prices in an economy by creating a basket of basic goods and services. Generally, CPI baskets include 80 sub-indices from 8 categories, ranging from food and clothing to housing and transportation. Methodologies to comprise the basket and formulas to calculate price indices can differ slightly in each country and region.

There are three different CPI formulas to calculate the price index: Laspeyres, Paasche and Fischer. In the formulas below, the legend is as follows:

Laspeyres Price Index: The items are weighted based on the quantity in the base period.

CPI(L) = Sum of [p(c) x q(b)] for each item / Sum of [p(b) x q(b)] for each item Paasche Price Index: The items are weighted based on the quantity in the current period.

CPI(P) = Sum of [p(c) x q(c)] for each item / Sum of [p(b) x q(c)] for each item Fischer Price Index:Calculates the geometric mean of Laspeyres and Paasche.

CPI(F) = √ [CPI(L) x CPI(P)]Each CPI calculation gives us the ratio between the basket prices of the current period and the base period. The ratio is then multiplied by 100 to express the change in percentages.

Because the inflation rate is measured as the percentage change of a price index (inflation definition), the value of the CPI is closely monitored. The inflation rate formula is as follow:

Inflation Rate = [CPI(c) – CPI(b)] / CPI(b)For the financial markets, the inflation rate indicates the path for future interest rate changes, with immediate implications on current prices. For example, if the CPI deviates abruptly from the central bank’s target, the markets would expect the central bank to step up and raise or cut the interest rate level. This expectation would lead the investors to either buy or sell the currency significantly more.

As the main economic indicator of inflation, Consumer Price Index plays an important role in a central bank’s monetary policy decisions. The central bank of each country is responsible of creating a monetary policy to facilitate economic health and growth. Along with GDP and unemployment rate, inflation is an important aspect of economic growth and the inflation target is usually set between 2% and 3%. Using interest rates as a tool, the central bank can manipulate and control the inflation rate. Interest rate decisions always top the list of most influential economic events and have a powerful impact on the value of the national currency. Since central banks decide on raising or cutting the interest rates based on the performance of the inflation rate, CPI reports are followed closely by investors and analysts and strongly influence the market sentiment towards the currency. The release of CPI report is usually bound to create large-scale volatility in the financial markets, especially in the Forex currency pairs.

There are two ways to look at the CPI release. One is to compare the actual release with the forecast and the previous release. Another is to interpret it according to the central bank’s target. In either case, the outcome triggers volatility and leads to numerous short-term opportunities for news trading strategies. Let’s assume that the U.S. is expected to publish a monthly CPI report. The forecast is 1.3% and the previous result was 1.1% – so, the analysts are anticipating CPI to rise. When the report is released, the actual outcome is 1.5% and beats the forecasts positively. The expectations for the U.S. Federal Reserve to raise interest rates would build-up, and the traders would tend to buy USD. As a result, currency pairs like EUR/USD and USD/CAD move in favor of USD, while equities like Apple stocks and US_Tech100 index might lose value.

The CPI report has different names and different weights in countries around the world (inflation rate formula changes for developed and emerging economies). Some of them are Laspeyres indexes, some Fisher indexes– but they all have a strong impact on the financial markets.

The U.S. CPI covers only the urban area – hence, it is often called CPI-U. However, the Fed doesn’t focus on the classic CPI because it is a Laspeyres index and suffers from upward biases. Therefore, in 2000, the Fed switched to the Fischer-based PCE Index (Private Consumption Expenditure) which covers the complete range of consumer spending and not just a basket.

European Central Bank (ECB) collects individually calculated national CPI from each country and combines them into Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) using weighted averaging.

Food weights are higher in the CPI formula for China as a greater proportion of income of the average consumer goes to food.

CPI figures affect the central banks’ decisions on interest rates – therefore, currency prices – directly. Monthly CPI reports are eagerly anticipated as the sudden increase in the trading activity translates into price volatility. All we need to do is to enter AvaTrade’s platform and use the great trading tools to capitalise on the market.

Markets, opportunities, assets, tools… you are equipped to start trading on Consumer Price Index reports! Whether the prices are rising or falling in our local economy, carefully trading the CPI reports can ensure that your portfolio continues to inflate, without a central bank to control it. Check out when is the next CPI report and ready your positions!

Just a few of the edible lichen species include Bryoria fremontii, “Icelandic lichen” (Cetraria islandica), “Rock Tripe” (Umbulicaria), Parmelia (known in Telugu as “rathapu” or “rock flower), and Lungwort" or "lung lichen" (Lobaria pulmonaria).

NEW YORK, April 18, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Beginning at 9 a.m. ET today, April 18, 2023, through 5 p.m. ET on Friday, June 9, 2023, fans can enter for their chance to win the HGTV® Smart Home 2023 located in Santa Fe, NM. The prize package, valued at over $2.2 Million, includes the brand new, fully furnished home, an all-new, all-electric EQE Sedan from Mercedes-Benz and $100,000. Eligible fans can enter for a chance to win twice per day at HGTV.com and FoodNetwork.com, where they will also find full details and the official rules, as well as additional home features.

The technologically advanced home is located in Santa Fe, NM, which sits at the base of the southern Rocky Mountains and is home to a vibrant art scene and history that makes it a city unlike any other. The city spans from traditional to contemporary, boasting a deep rooted history and culture that is woven throughout its museums, music, theater, markets and cuisine. Made for every season, Santa Fe provides skiing and expansive trail systems for hikers, mountain bikers, road cyclists, walkers and outdoor enthusiasts.

The three-bedroom, two-and-a-half bathroom home sits at approximately 3,095 square feet on nearly two acres of land. With nods to the local culture, the home combines luxury with traditional, infusing technology into every facet of the home. Highlights include a state-of-the art kitchen with technologically advanced appliances including a digital-range hood over the stove, all next to a stylish dining space. The open concept floor plan is filled with natural light and leads you to the many lush outdoor spaces. An outdoor kitchen complete with dining area is perfect for hosting and the backyard features multiple lounge areas, a spa plunge pool and firepit. From the living room bar, drinks and snacks can be sent up via a dumbwaiter to the rooftop deck, providing gorgeous views of the surrounding area. The main bedroom brings together earthy, natural tones with sleek luxurious black and features a large bathroom and expansive closet. Smart solutions are located throughout the home, with a focus on the kitchen, the outdoor spaces, the bedrooms and the laundry room.

The home was designed by architecture firm Lorn Tryk Architects PC, built by local builder Boss Builders and includes landscape design by Bespoke Garden Plans. The home's interior design is by Tiffany Brooks.

Viewers can tune-in to the one-hour special HGTV Smart Home 2023 on Friday, April 28, 2023 at 7 p.m. ET on HGTV and HGTV GO, also on discovery+ the same day.

Sponsors of the HGTV Smart Home 2023 include Frontdoor, Inc. (NASDAQ: FTDR), Kohler Co., LL Flooring, Mercedes-Benz USA, SimpliSafe Home Security, Sleep Number®, The Sherwin-Williams Company, Trex Company, LLC, Valspar® and VELUX® No Leak Skylights. To learn more about the giveaway, visit HGTV.com/Smart.

ABOUT HGTVHGTV delivers families with relatable stories, superstar real estate and renovation experts and amazing home transformations that inspire a passionate audience. For anyone seeking entertaining and aspirational home and lifestyle content, HGTV is the place to be. HGTV offers: a top 10 cable network that is distributed to 77 million U.S. households; a website, HGTV.com, that attracts an average of 9.6 million people each month; a social footprint of 28 million; HGTV Magazine, a monthly publication that reaches more than one million readers; and exclusive collections of home-oriented products through the HGTV Home® consumer products line. Viewers can become fans of HGTV and interact with other home improvement enthusiasts through Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, Instagram and TikTok. HGTV is owned by Warner Bros. Discovery, a leading global media and entertainment company available in more than 220 countries and territories and 50 languages whose portfolio also includes Discovery Channel, discovery+, CNN, DC, Eurosport, HBO, HBO Max, Food Network, OWN, Investigation Discovery, TLC, Magnolia Network, TNT, TBS, truTV, Travel Channel, MotorTrend, Animal Planet, Science Channel, Warner Bros. Pictures, Warner Bros. Television, Warner Bros. Games, New Line Cinema, Cartoon Network, Adult Swim, Turner Classic Movies, Discovery en Español, Hogar de HGTV and others. For more information, please visit www.wbd.com.

Bibelot

Address: 285-287 Coventry St, South Melbourne VIC 3205, Australia

Deer Duck Bistro

Address: 396 Milton Rd, Auchenflower QLD 4066, Australia

AP Photo William Anderson "Devil Anse" Hatfield is shown in this 1910 photograph, taken 21 years after the feud with the McCoys ended The feud started over

Source: www.history.com

portage translation | French -English dictionary ; carry n · portage ; support ; carrying charge n · coût de portage

• Simply dial *131*113# to get 100MB for N200 and a free 500MB data bonus.
• Dial *131*103# to get 750MB for N500 and free 3.75GB bonus data for the weekend.