Muhil Selim

• For lookup_value (1st argument), use the topmost cell from List 1.
• For table_array (2nd argument), supply the entire List 2.
• For col_index_num (3rd argument), use 1 as there is just one column in the array.
• For range_lookup (4th argument), set FALSE - exact match.

The Humble thai restaurant

Address: 27 King St, Newcastle NSW 2300, Australia

Dr James Nicklin

Address: 74/30 Chasely St, Auchenflower QLD 4066, Australia

Swan Family Lawyers - Adelaide Family Lawyers

Address: 21 Roper St, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia

Humans have been interested in immunity for thousands of years. The prehistoric view of disease was that it was caused by supernatural forces, and that disease was a form of theurgic punishment from the gods or one's enemies for "evil acts" or "evil thoughts" that visited the soul. ] Between the time of Hippocrates and the 19th century, when the foundations of the scientific method were laid, diseases were attributed to a disturbance or imbalance in one of the four humors (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, or black bile). Also popular during this time was the miasmatic theory, which held that diseases such as cholera or the Black Death were caused by miasma, a noxious form of "choked air". If someone was exposed to miasma, they would I could catch the disease.

The word "immunity" derives from the Latin adjective immunis, a legal term that means exemption from tasks (military service, payment of taxes or other public services), a grace granted by the emperor. The first written description of the concept of immunity Immunity as exemption from disease (not the word) was made by the Athenian Thucydides who, in 430 B.C. C., described that when the plague struck Athens “the sick and dying were cared for by the compassionate care of those who had recovered, for they knew the treatment of the disease and were themselves free from apprehension. The term "immune" refers to the disease and was first written in the epic poem "Pharsalia" written around 60 BC

Marco Anneo Lucano wrote a poem about the resistance of a North African tribe to poison.

Kitab fi al-jadari wa-al-hasbah, or "A treatise on the immunity arising from a disease by a pathogen", was written in the 18th century by the Islamic physician Al-Razi.

There are more than one IX. In the treatise, Al-Razi states that exposure to certain agents confers immunity, but he does not use the term "long-term immunity". The germinal source of Louis Pasteur's disease that the science of immunology began to explain howbacteria caused disease and how the human body's ability to resist further offense increased.

The birth of passive immunotherapy may have begun with the man who wanted to become accustomed to poison, who took non-lethal doses of poison daily to build tolerance.

Mithridates is also said to have created a 'universal antidote' to ward off all terrestrial poisons. For almost 2,000 years, poisons were believed to be the direct cause of disease, and a complicated mixture of ingredients, called Mithridates , was used to cure poisoning during the Renaissance. An updated version of this cure, Theriacum Andromachi, was widely used in the 19th century. The antitoxin became the first success of therapeutic immunology after it was isolated by mile Roux and Alexandre Yersin.

In Europe, active immunity was created in an attempt to contain smallpox. The earliest use of immunization is unknown, but it was around AD 1000. C., the Chinese began to practice a form of immunization by drying and inhaling powders derived from the scabs of smallpox lesions. Around the 15th century in India, the Ottoman Empire, and East Africa, the practice of Variolation (popping powdered material derived from smallpox scabs onto the skin) became quite common. Variolation was introduced to the West in the early 18th century by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. In 1796 , Edward Jenner introduced the much safer method of inoculation with the cowpox virus, a non-lethal virus that also induced immunity to smallpox.

The general nature of vaccination developed by Pasteur and others towards the end of the 19th century would be the result of the success and general acceptance of the procedure of Jenner.

There are two types of immunity.

The cells and mechanisms of the innate immune system will be encountered by organisms that have toxins in their system.

The innate response is usually triggered when the same pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogens are used to recognize components in broad groups of microorganisms, or when damaged, injured, or stressed cells send out alarm signals. The innate immune system of an organisms will be attacked by Germs that enter it. It's not a specific mechanism. There is a problem

The immunity system can be divided into two broad types depending on how the infection was introduced. Depending on how long the protection lasts, they can be further subdivided.

Protection via active immunity lasts longer, sometimes for life, while passive immunity only lasts a few months. The cells involved in immunity are characterized by the cells involved in humoral immunity, which involves T lymphocytes. The immune system has a humoral immunity.

T cells are the only protected cells.

Active immunity can be transferred from one person to another in the form of antibodies.

When maternal immunity is transferred to the fetus across the placenta, it can also be elicited artificially, when high amounts of human (or animal-derived) antibodies against a pathogenic microorganism or toxin are produced. Passive immunization is used when there is a high risk of infection and insufficient time for the body to develop its own immune response, or to reduce symptoms of chronic or immunosuppressive diseases. Passive immunity provides immediate protection, but the body does not develop memory, therefore the patient has the risk of being infected by the same pathogenic microorganism later.

Maternal passive immunity is a type of immunity that is naturally acquired by a fetus from its mother during her pregnancy. Maternal antibodies are passed from the mother to the fetus through the placenta.

This occurs around the third month of gestation. Immunoglobulin G is the only antibody isotope that can pass across the placenta. Passive immunity is also provided through the transfer of immunoglobulin A antibodies. found in breast milk that are transferred to the baby's digestive tract, protecting against bacterial infections, until the newborn can synthesize its own antibodies.

Artificially acquired passive immunity is a short-term immunization that can be delivered in a number of ways, including as human or animal blood plasma, as bank human immunoglobulin, or in the form of monoclonal antibodies. Passive transfer is used prophylactically in the case of immunodeficiency diseases, such as hypogammaglobulinemia. It is also used in the treatment of various types of acute infections, and to treat poisoning. Immunity derived from passive immunization lasts only a short period, and there is also a potential risk of hypersensitivity reactions, and serum sickness, especially from gamma globulin of non-human origin.

Artificial immunity has been used for more than a century to treat infectious diseases, and before antibiotics it was the only specific treatment for certain infections.

After sulfonamide antibiotics were introduced, immunoglobulin therapy was the first line of treatment for severe respiratory diseases.

The transfer of activated or "sensitized" T lymphocytes from one individual to another is what grants the passive transfer. It's not used in humans because it's hard to find histo compatible donors. It has been used to treat diseases such as cancer and immunodeficiency, but it carries significant risks in donors.

B and T lymphocytes give rise to memory when they are activated by a microorganism.

If a specific microorganism is detected again, the memory lymphocytes will mount a strong response. The body's immune system prepares itself for future challenges and this type of immunity is both active and adaptive. Active immunity often involves both the innate immune system and the cellular immune system. The innate system is present from birth and protects an individual from any disease, while adaptive immunity only occurs after an illness or vaccine.

This type of immunity is "natural" because it is not caused by the person.

The formation of active immunity can be affected by disorders of the immune system.

Active immunity can be created by a vaccine that contains an antigen. The term "vaccine" was invented by Edward Jenner and was adapted by Louis Pasteur for his work in vaccination.

The Pasteur method involved treating the infectious agents for diseases in a way that they lost the ability to cause serious disease. The name vaccine was adopted as a generic term by Pasteur in honor of the discovery of the vaccine.

Main usage of Axtrip 75mg Tablet is for Depression.

Axtrip 75mg Tablet

Axtrip 75mg Tablet works by affecting the balance of certain chemicals (such as serotonin) in the brain. It helps improve mood and feelings of well-being, relieve anxiety and tension, helps you sleep better, and increase your energy level. Axtrip 75mg Tablet is readily absorbed and starts action within approximately 6 hours of taking it orally (by mouth). It is an effective antidepressant but may cause drowsiness. You need to take it regularly as it is prescribed for it to be most effective and should not stop taking it suddenly.