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HDCP (High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection) is an encryption protocol that ensures a secure connection between a source device and display.

As HDMI connection is becoming the norm for delivering high-definition audio and video content, HDCP technology is being developed to prevent illegal copying or recording of 4K Ultra HD content.

Compatibility is critical for the secure digital handshake between HDCP products. If the source and display are not compatible, there will be a failed connection and no signal.

To futureproof your AV gear, make sure to invest in technology with HDCP 2.3 technology.

HDCP 2.3 is the latest security protocol for HDMI, USB-C, and DisplayPort. It is the most advanced security solution for protecting 4K content and the AV distribution system.

Gadgets with connections that are HDCP 2.3 compliant have full backward compatibility with HDCP 2.2 and selected HDCP 1.4 devices.

In this article, learn about HDCP 2.3 compatibility and how you can futureproof your gadgets with the latest security encryption.

HDCP stands for High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection.

It is an encryption technology that prevents the illegal copying of audio and video content. HDCP-compliant products are grouped into source, repeater, and sink.

The source device is where the signal starts. Some examples are game consoles, media streaming services, cable boxes, Blu-ray players, and more.

The repeater is the messenger from the source to the sink. These products include splitters, soundbars, AV receivers, wireless transmitters, and switches.

Lastly, the sink or display should be HDCP-compliant as well. Make sure to look for TVs, monitors, and digital projectors with the latest HDCP protocol to avoid problems with compatibility.

Most products with HDMI connections are either HDCP 1.4 or HDCP 2.2-compliant.

HDCP 1.4 is generally applied to all HDMI 1.3/1.4 gadgets, while HDMI 2.0/2.1 usually comes with HDCP 2.2 protocol. Most products that deliver 4K content need a successful handshake between HDCP 2.2 source and display through HDMI 2.0.

HDCP 2.3 was released in 2018 to improve further security measures for HDMI, DisplayPort, and USB Type-C interfaces.

Uncompressed 4K content promises UHD resolution, high color bit depth, high frame rates, and high color gamut. With the demand for 4K digital technology, security measures are continually being developed to encrypt audio and video content.

HDCP 2.3 is the latest advancement in security technology for protecting high-value 4K content.

The latest version of HDCP has a stronger encryption protocol for digital audio and video 4K content. HDCP 2.3 AV gear also has additional restrictions on the distribution system, so it’s critical to understand HDCP 2.3 compatibility and integration with previous versions of AV systems.

When the source device and display don’t have compatible HDCP protocols, the digital handshake will be cut. This means that there will be no signal between devices unless HDCP compatibility is established.

With the security improvements, HDCP 2.3 has stronger encryption protocols to lock out vulnerable devices, such as those with outdated HDCP versions.

HDCP 2.3 is fully backward compatible with all HDCP 2.2 devices that deliver high-value 4K content. This means that you won’t have any issues connecting an HDCP 2.3 device with an HDCP 2.2 device.

However, you will experience more restrictions in transmitting content between an HDCP 2.3 device and devices lower than HDCP 2.2 versions lower.

HDCP 2.3 backward compatibility with HDCP 1.4 products may be possible when transmitting encrypted HD content or unencrypted 4K content in AV systems with mixed support for different HDCP versions and non-HDCP devices.

The Yamaha RX-V779 receiver is an example of a mixed support AV system. When you check the back panel and the owner’s manual , you will see various HDCP and non-HDCP options for HDMI 2.0 connections.

If you want to make the most out of your AV system, invest in technology with the latest encryption technology.

As 4K content is becoming the standard for digital content, we will see more products released with HDCP 2.3 and HDCP 2.2 protocol in the coming years. Most HDMI cables with HDCP 2.3 encryption technology are backward compatible with HDCP 2.2 devices.

Last update on 2023-05-05 / Affiliate links / Images from Amazon Product Advertising API.

Compatibility is critical for transmitting digital signals between HDCP devices. This means that there’s a high probability that you won’t be able to connect older devices with HDCP 1.x with newer HDCP 2.3 devices.

For media streaming devices delivering 4K content like Roku Streaming Stick+  and Amazon Fire TV Stick 4K , you will need a display with ports that support HDCP 2.2 or HDCP 2.3.

Our favorite TVs with HDCP 2.2 or HDCP 2.3 protocol are the Sony Android TVs or Google TVs. Any Sony Bravia 4K or 8K TV released in 2019 or later will have HDCP 2.3 or HDCP 2.2 encryption technology.

Last update on 2023-05-05 / Affiliate links / Images from Amazon Product Advertising API.

Look into Yamaha products if you’re looking for AV receivers  and soundbars  that support HDCP 2.3. Yamaha designs their products to be updateable to the latest HDCP encryption firmware, preventing any compatibility issues.

As more devices deliver 4K digital content, HDCP technology is constantly developed to improve encryption.

HDCP 2.3 was released in 2018, and it is the latest HDCP protocol available today. It is backward compatible with HDCP 2.2 devices. However, it may not be compatible with earlier versions of HDCP due to stronger encryption measures and additional distribution systems.

What does this mean to the regular tech consumer and AV professional?

To futureproof your AV system, you need to invest in devices with HDCP 2.3 protocol. It will be fully backward compatible with HDCP 2.2 devices. However, older devices with HDCP 1.x will most likely fail to transmit signals to and from devices with HDCP 2.3 protocol.

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The zero moment point (also referred to as zero-tilting moment point) is a concept related to the dynamics and control of legged locomotion, e.g., for humanoid or quadrupedal robots. It specifies the point with respect to which reaction forces at the contacts between the feet and the ground do not produce any moment in the horizontal direction, i.e., the point where the sum of horizontal inertia and gravity forces is zero. The concept assumes the contact area is planar and has sufficiently high friction to keep the feet from sliding.

This concept was introduced to the legged locomotion community in January 1968 by Miomir Vukobratović and Davor Juričić at The Third All-Union Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics in Moscow.[1] The term "zero moment point" itself was coined in works that followed between 1970 and 1972, and was widely and successfully reproduced in works from robotics groups around the world.[examples needed]

The zero moment point is an important concept in the motion planning for biped robots. Since they have only two points of contact with the floor and they are supposed to walk, “run” or “jump” (in the motion context), their motion has to be planned concerning the dynamical stability of their whole body. This is not an easy task, especially because the upper body of the robot (torso) has larger mass and inertia than the legs which are supposed to support and move the robot. This can be compared to the problem of balancing an inverted pendulum.

The trajectory of a walking robot is planned using the angular momentum equation to ensure that the generated joint trajectories guarantee the dynamical postural stability of the robot, which usually is quantified by the distance of the zero moment point in the boundaries of a predefined stability region. The position of the zero moment point is affected by the referred mass and inertia of the robot's torso, since its motion generally requires large angle torques to maintain a satisfactory dynamical postural stability.

One approach to solve this problem consists of using small trunk motions to stabilize the posture of the robot. However, some new planning methods are being developed to define the trajectories of the legs’ links in such a way that the torso of the robot is naturally steered in order to reduce the ankle torque needed to compensate its motion. If the trajectory planning for the leg links is well-formed, then the zero moment point won't move out of the predefined stability region and the motion of the robot will become smoother, mimicking a natural trajectory.

The resultant force of the inertia and gravity forces acting on a biped robot is expressed by the formula:

where m {\displaystyle m} is the total mass of the robot, g {\displaystyle g} is the acceleration of the gravity, G {\displaystyle G} is the center of mass and a G {\displaystyle a_{G}} is the acceleration of the center of mass.

The moment in any point X {\displaystyle X} can be defined as:

where H ˙ G {\displaystyle {\dot {H}}_{G}} is the rate of angular momentum at the center of mass.

The Newton–Euler equations of the global motion of the biped robot can be written as:

where F c {\displaystyle F_{}^{c}} is the resultant of the contact forces at X and M X c {\displaystyle M_{X}^{c}} is the moment related with contact forces about any point X.

The Newton–Euler equations can be rewritten as:

so it's easier to see that we have:

These equations show that the biped robot is dynamically balanced if the contact forces and the inertia and gravity forces are strictly opposite.

If an axis Δ g i {\displaystyle \Delta ^{gi}} is defined, where the moment is parallel to the normal vector n {\displaystyle n} from the surface about every point of the axis, then the Zero Moment Point (ZMP) necessarily belongs to this axis, since it is by definition directed along the vector n {\displaystyle n} . The ZMP will then be the intersection between the axis Δ g i {\displaystyle \Delta ^{gi}} and the ground surface such that:

with

where Z {\displaystyle Z} represents the ZMP.

Because of the opposition between the gravity and inertia forces and the contact forces mentioned before, the Z {\displaystyle Z} point (ZMP) can be defined by:

where P {\displaystyle P} is a point on the contact plane, e.g. the normal projection of the center of mass.

Zero moment point has been proposed as a metric that can be used to assess stability against tipping over of robots like the iRobot PackBot when navigating ramps and obstacles.[2]