Rimsha serzvts

(If you’re fond of exploring Japanese synonyms, check my tool: Japanese Synonym Finder)

First-Person Pronouns

First, I introduce Japanese first-person pronouns (i.e. “I” in English). There are so many ways of saying “I” in Japanese, and each of them has a very different tone.

私 is the most general/common 1st person pronoun, esp. for women (but men use 私, too). It’s also used in writing/formal speech (e.g. essay, column, job interview) regardless of gender. In a casual conversation, some girls pronounce it as あたし (atashi), and it sounds much more feminine/casual than わたし.

(cf.) There is a Japanese anime named “あたしンち (Atashin’chi)”, which is a casual way of saying  私の家(いえ), meaning “my home”

私は大学(だいがく)で日本語 (にほんご)の勉強(べんきょう)しています。 I study Japanese at university

あたしは大丈夫 (だいじょうぶ)！ I‘m fine.

うち (“ち” is accented) is a casual 1st person pronoun that is predominantly used by young girls (teens~early 20s). It sounds very casual, young and feminine, and is often used in the Kansai region (e.g. Osaka, Kyoto). Similarly, うちら meaning “we” is also used among girls.

うちそれめっちゃ好き！ I love it so much!

ウチらめっちゃ仲良くね？ We‘re so close, aren’t we?

* うち also refers to an in-group member (e.g. family, company, team)

うちの子 (こ) が迷惑(めいわく)かけてすみません I’m sorry for my/our son/daughter causing trouble to you

** うち also means “one’s house”

うちに来(こ)ない？ Do you wanna come to my house?

僕 is one of the most common 1st person pronouns for men. Compared to 俺 (to be explained below), 僕 sounds more modest, reserved, polite, and a bit smart. In a formal situation (e.g. a job interview), most men use either 私 or 僕.

* Some women use 僕 as well. In anime/manga, they are often called “ボクっ娘（こ） (bokukko)”, and some people have a fetish for them. In texts (e.g. manga/subtitles), 僕 is often written in katakana (ボク) when it is used by girls.

僕は知(し)らないです I don’t know

(ボクっ娘): 君(きみ)みたいな人(ひと)、ボクは好(す)きだな (Bokukko): I like people like you.

俺 is one of the most common 1st person pronouns for men. Compared to 僕, it sounds more casual, masculine, and slightly coarse. Men often use 俺 in a casual conversation with their close friends, but some people use 僕 if they are more of a reserved kind of person or don’t like coarse expressions at all.

俺は知 (し) らねえ I don’t know.

自分 is a 1st person pronoun that sounds masculine, polite, and modest. In the Kansai region, however, it also means “you”, and in this case, it sounds casual and a bit coarse (therefore some people find it a bit rude/too friendly).

自分は言(い)ってないです: I didn’t say

(In the Kansai region)

自分、どこの大学なん？ Which uni are you in?

* As you may know, 自分 is more commonly used as “oneself”.

自分でやるって言(い)ったでしょ？ You said you’d do by yourself, didn’t you?

Originally, ワイ is an old-fashioned 1st-person pronoun used by old men in the Kansai region. On the internet, however, it is also used by young people (both men and women) very casually/humorously. Furthermore, while it is not very common yet in general, some teenage girls have started using it in real life recently as a playful expression, which sounds quite bizarre for middle-aged Kansai people given its original usage.

(Kansai)

ワイは行(い)かへんわ I won’t go

(行かへん means 行かない in standard Japanese)

(On the internet)

ワイ、大学 (だいがく) で友達 (ともだち)が出来(でき)ず辛(つら)い I’m pretty sad coz I couldn’t make any friends at uni

ワイも行きたい！ I wanna go, too!

ワシ is also an old-fashioned 1-person pronoun used by elderly people. However, similar to ワイ, it is also used by young people on the internet as a casual and playful expression.

ワシはもう疲れた I‘ve got tired already.

Some young girls use their first name instead of a pronoun to refer to themselves. This sounds very young and casual, and some people have a negative opinion about it (like it sounds selfish, childish or acting cute). Therefore, it can sound a bit cringy if adults refer to themselves using their names.

ゆみは行きたくないなぁ I (Yumi) don’t wanna go.

* There’s a well-known and traditional Japanese book called “吾輩は猫である” (“I Am a Cat”), written by Soseki Natsume, a famous novelist who was portrayed on the former 1000 yen banknote. People often cite this book title to indicate how difficult it can be to translate the nuances of Japanese words into English (i.e. all the Japanese first-person pronouns explained so far end up being translated as “I” in English)

Speaking of Soseki Natsume; there is a funny story about him that you may like;  “The moon is beautiful, isn’t it?” Could Mean “I love You” in Japanese

Second-Person Pronouns

Next, I introduce Japanese second-person pronouns (“you” in English). However, note that none of them sounds very friendly; therefore, it’s safer for Japanese learners to refer to someone using their (nick)name, or simply omit the pronoun.

あなた is the most common 2nd-person pronoun. However, it can sound a bit aloof/unfriendly/rude in a conversation, so it’s better to avoid using it.

(あなたは)どこにいましたか？ Where are you?

* It is also used as “darling” to call one’s husband. In this case, it sounds very intimate.

あなた、晩(ばん)ご飯(はん)出来(でき)たわよ！ Darling, the dinner is ready!

君 is another 2nd-person pronoun. It has a condescending/bossy tone, so it can sound very rude depending on whom you’re talking to.

君は何(なに)を大学(だいがく)で勉強(べんきょう)したのかな？ What did you study at university?

君の話(はなし)は面白(おもしろ)いね Your talk is interesting.

お前 is a very casual 2nd-person pronoun that sounds aggressive, coarse, and masculine. Usually, it is used in the following situations:

お前は何(なに)飲(の)む？ “What are you gonna drink?”

おいお前、それやめろって言っただろ “Hey you, I said stop it”

* According to some online surveys, many women feel annoyed when their boyfriends call them “お前” because it sounds condescending. Therefore, it’s safe not to use お前, especially in the following cases:

お主/そなた/そち are traditional Japanese 2-nd person pronouns. They have a condescending tone and are often used by high-ranking people in period dramas/animes.

お主の望(のぞ)みを叶(かな)えてやろう I’ll let your wishes come true.

Thrid-Person Pronouns

Lastly, I introduce third-person pronouns (i.e. “he” and “she” in English). As in 2nd person pronouns, all of them sound a bit aloof/unfriendly in speech, so it’s better not to use them in a conversation with your friends.

彼 and 彼女 are 3rd-person pronouns that mean “he/she”. However, 彼女 is more commonly used as a word meaning “girlfriend”. Similarly, 彼 also means “boyfriend”, but 彼氏 (かれし) is more commonly used.

(talking about someone not present)

彼/彼女は子供 (こども) だからねぇ: Well, he/she is childish, so…

彼氏/彼女が超(ちょう)かわいい My boyfriend/girlfriend is so cute.

あいつ is a 3rd-person pronoun that contains a coarse (and often hostile, but not always) tone.

あいつのせいで失敗 (しっぱい) した I failed because of him/her

あいつ、すげえな He/She is unbelievable!

誰かさん literally means “Somebody-san”, and is used when you refer to someone “anonymously” in a sarcastic/ironic way.

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You may be surprised to learn hay fever is very rarely related to hay, although the term was introduced when seasonal allergies affected farmers who worked in hay fields. The allergens, which trigger the symptoms we like to call hay fever, are caused primarily by pollen from trees, weeds, and grasses. So is hay fever considered an allergy? Yes, but not necessarily to hay as you’d expect based on the name.

The list of what causes hay fever is long, and it’s common for people with one type of allergy to also react to other triggers.3 The main offender is the pollen released into the air by different types of plants and trees. When you inhale pollen, the cells in your body release histamine, which leads to common symptoms like sneezing. You can learn more about why pollen makes you sneeze here.

Symptoms of hay fever, which include itchy and watery eyes, sneezing, stuffiness, and an itchy, runny nose, don’t really differ from symptoms of indoor allergies.4 You may also experience an itchy roof of mouth or throat, swollen under-eye skin, and fatigue.5

As much as these symptoms may feel like an uncomfortable nuisance, they occur for a reason. Swelling, such as you might experience in your sinuses, is a mechanism the body uses to prevent more allergens from entering the body once it has detected an irritant. Sneezing is a mechanism your body uses to remove any irritants from your nose or throat that may have already found their way in.6

Unsurprisingly, the answer to, “When does hay fever start?” or, “How long does hay fever last?” will depend on the weather and triggers where you live, since the pollen count in an early spring month like March is likely to be worse in Florida (where it’s warm and plants are blooming) rather than Minnesota (where the flora may very well be covered in a layer of frost or snow). That being said, it’s also based on precisely what triggers your sneezing, since hay fever symptoms generally crop up in spring, summer, and/or early fall when pollen from trees, weeds, and grasses are in full effect. Specifically, tree pollen tends to be at its worst in the spring, grass pollen is released during the end of spring and beginning of summer, and weed pollen steals the show in late autumn.7 Learn more about what allergens you can expect in which month in our Pollen-Month-By-Month guide.

The time of year isn’t the only factor in how bad your hay fever will be on a given day. The amount of pollen in the air will likely impact the severity of your symptoms.8 Pollen counts tend to be highest on warm, dry, and breezy days, especially in the morning; cool, rainy days tend to have the lowest pollen counts. Check out the Zyrtec® ALLERGYCAST® app which helps predict how the pollen count may make you feel.

Knowing how to treat hay fever allergies is vital, especially if your symptoms are severe and impact your life. If you want to learn how to treat hay fever and reduce your pollen exposure, consider these tips.

If you aren’t able to avoid pollen or significantly reduce your exposure, take comfort in the fact that there are lots of ways to seek relief. And once you’re better acquainted with what makes you stuffy, sneezy, and itchy, you can plan ahead by tracking those allergens before you hear the season’s first, “Gesundheit!”

Kristen Seymour brought her passion for both pets and writing to the online space nearly a decade ago, working as an editor at AOL’s Paw Nation and then Vetstreet.com. She’s also a regular contributor to HealthyPet Magazine. Additionally, Seymour covers fitness, food and healthy (and yes, sometimes pets!) on her Fit Bottomed Girls website and podcast. Based in sunny Sarasota, Florida, Seymour shares her office with her husband and a small menagerie of rescue pets: a snuggly senior Lab mix, a mouthy hound mix and a cat who loves to be petted exactly seven times—but never eight.

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1. Click Options (Excel 2010 to Excel 2016), or the Microsoft Office Button
2. In the Advanced category, under Editing options, clear the Automatically insert a decimal point check box