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The three levels of certification are Senior Certified Welding Inspector, Certified Welding Inspector and Certified Associate Welding Inspector. The welding inspectors have some functions.

All inspections conducted by the CAWI will be done under the supervision of a CWI. The CWI will retain responsibility for determining if the welds meet the criteria.

The CWI may train and supervise CAWIs. The CWI can inspect procedures and processes.

Vendors and organizations that provide services to the project can be audited by the CWI. The work performed and associated records will be maintained by the CWI.

The SCWI can conduct inspections, supervise one or more CWIs, write welding procedure specifications, test and qualify welders, and review and interpret joining procedures.

The table shows the outline of the exams. The qualification is carried out through these three exams: A Fundamental exam (Part A), a practical exam (Part B) and an open source exam (Part C) This last exam of Part C is taken according to the Code of Welding chosen by the Inspector applicant, being able to choose between the AWS D1.1 / AWS D1.2 / AWS D1.5 /ASME IX Code, ASME B31.1, ASME IX B31.3 / API 1104 and other codes mentioned in the AWS page.

The minimum percentage in each exam is over 70%. There are 150 questions in Part A, 40 questions in Part B and 46 questions in Part C.

The Part A and Part C exams can be taken virtually, and they can be taken at authorized Prometric centers, which are usually located in the main cities of each country. The Part B Exam must be taken at a Center authorized by AWS and it is face-to-face, the exam is PBT type (Personal Paper Exam) and said authorized center provides the applicant with the BOS specifications book to answer the questions and exercises, for this The applicant also receives a visual inspection kit and a set of replicas of welding test tubes which show discontinuities and the student applicant must determine if said discontinuities represent a defect according to the acceptance criteria that were delivered.

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Microsoft developed and maintains the free and open source programming language, called Typescript. It adds optional static typing to the language and is a strict set of Javascript. It is designed for the development of large applications and transpiles to JavaScript.

Javascript applications can be developed using typescript, as with Deno and Node.js.

There are many options for transpilation. The Babel compiler can be used to convert TypeScript to Javascript.

The structure of existing object files can be described in C++ and type information of existing Javascript libraries can be contained in definition files. The files can be used as if they were statically typed TypeScript entities. There are third-party files for popular libraries

Development of Node.js programs can be done with the help of the typescript headers for the library modules.

The Javascript component of the TypeScript compiler is written in typescript. The Apache License 2.0 is what it is licensed under.

The lead architect of C# and creator of Delphi has worked on the development of typescript

TypeScript was released to the public in October 2012, with version 0.8, after two years of internal development at Microsoft. Soon after the initial public release, Miguel de Icaza praised the language itself, but criticized the lack of mature IDE support apart from Microsoft Visual Studio, which was not available on Linux and OS X at that time. As of April 2021 there is support in other IDEs and text editors, including Emacs, Vim, WebStorm, Atom and Microsoft's own Visual Studio Code. TypeScript 0.9, released in 2013, added support for generics.

TypeScript 1.0 was released at Microsoft's Build developer conference in 2014. Visual Studio 2013 Update 2 provides built-in support for TypeScript. Further improvement were made in July 2014, when the development team announced a new TypeScript compiler, asserted to have a five-fold performance increase. The source code was moved from CodePlex to GitHub.

The billion-dollar mistake is sometimes referred to as the ability for programmers to enforce null safety, after the release of Typescript 2.0 on September 22, 2016

On July 30th, 2018, the new version of Typescript 3.0 was released, bringing many language additions, such as tuples in rest parameters and spread expressions.

There were no breaking changes in the 4.0 version, but it did add language features such as Custom JSX Factories and Variadic Tuple Types.

Javascript's weaknesses led to demand for custom tooling to ease the development of components in the language.

The solution that was sought by the developers was compatible with the standard and its cross- platform support.

Knowing that the current proposal promised future support for class-based programming was the basis for Typescript. The proposal led to the creation of a JavaScript compiler with a set of syntactical language extensions. The class feature of TypeScript was a preview of what to expect from the upcoming ECMAScript 2015. The optional static typing that enables static language analysis is added to the typescript.

Features such as classes, modules, and an arrow function syntax are supported by TypeScript.

The language extension typescript adds features to the program. Additional features include:

The features are from ECMAScript 2015.

JScript.NET, another Microsoft implementation of the ECMA-262 language standard, added support for static typing and classical object-oriented language features such as classes, inheritance, interface, and namespaces.

TypeScript is a strict superset of ECMAScript 2015, which is itself a superset of ECMAScript 5, commonly referred to as JavaScript. As such, a JavaScript program is also a valid TypeScript program, and a TypeScript program can seamlessly consume JavaScript.

The current prevailing standard is ECMAScript 5, but the compiler is able to generate constructs used in other standards, such as 2015:

It is possible to use existing Javascript code, incorporate popular JavaScript libraries, and call TypeScript-generated code from other JavaScript with the help of the type declaration provided in the source code.

type checking is enabled through type annotations by using typescript. This can be ignored and used with the regular dynamic typing of JavaScript.

Number, boolean and string are the primitive types that have annotations. The data types supported by typescript are:

Tuple, Union, never, and any are additional data types.

The array with the data types at each index is a tuple type. Union type is a variable that has more than one type of data. You use never type when you are certain that something will never happen.

Any type of weakly or dynamically-typed structures can be found.

The type annotations can be exported to a separate declaration file to make it easier to use the types already compiled into JavaScript. Annotations can be used for an existing Javascript library.

When types are not given, type inference is used by the TypeScript compiler. Even if no return type annotations were provided, the add method in the code would be inferred as returning a number.

The result of adding two numbers is always a number based on the static types of left and right being numbers and the compiler's knowledge. The return type can be explicitly declared.

If no type can be inferred because of lack of declarations, then it is a dynamic type. A value of the any type supports the same operations as a value in JavaScript and minimal static type checking is performed for operations on any values.

There is an option to create a declaration file when a typescript script is compiled. The function and method bodies are stripped away by the compiler and only the signatures of the types that are exported remain. The declaration file can be used to describe the exported virtual type of a Javascript library or module when a third-party developer consumes it from TypeScript.

The concept of declaration files is similar to the idea of a file called a headers.

The type declaration files can be written by hand.

Large collections of declaration files for popular JavaScript libraries can be found on GitHub.

The optional type annotations support is available in the class that supports TypeScript.

The identity function is an example of a generic programming language.

There is a difference between modules and namespaces. The features in TypeScript support the creation of containers. External modules leverage Javascript library patterns to do so, whereas namespaces use immediately-invoked function expression of Javascript to code.

The tsc is written in TypeScript. It can be compiled into regular Javascript and executed in any JavaScript engine. A host script can execute the compiler. It is also available as a package that uses a host, called a Node.js package.

The current version of the program supports it.

The option can be used to make use of language features exclusive to that version. The classes are available in both modes despite being part of the 2015 standard.

Using plug-ins, TypeScript can be integrated with build automation tools, including Grunt (grunt-ts ), Apache Maven (TypeScript Maven Plugin ), Gulp (gulp-typescript ) and Gradle (TypeScript Gradle Plugin ).

TSLint scans the code for conformance to standards. There is support for TypeScript via community plugins provided by the standard Javascript linter, ESLint. However, ESLint's inability to leverage TypeScript's language services precluded certain forms of semantic linting and program-wide analysis. In early 2019, the TSLint team announced the linter's deprecation in favor of typescript-eslint, a joint effort of the TSLint, ESLint and TypeScript teams to consolidate linting under the ESLint umbrella for improved performance, community unity and developer accessibility.