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At school, Scout nearly starts a fight with a classmate named Cecil Jacobs after Cecil uses an offensive racial slur to declare that Atticus defends Black people. Atticus has been asked to defend Tom Robinson, a Black man accused of raping a white woman. It is a case he cannot hope to win, but Atticus tells Scout that he must argue it to uphold his sense of justice and self-respect.

At Christmastime, Atticus’s brother, Jack, comes to stay with Atticus for a week during the holidays. Scout generally gets along well with Uncle Jack, but when he arrives in Maycomb, she begins cursing in front of him (a habit that she has recently picked up). After supper, Jack has Scout sit on his lap and he warns her not to curse in his presence. On Christmas Day, Atticus takes his children and Jack to Finch’s Landing, a rambling old house in the country where Atticus’s sister, Alexandra, and her husband live. There, Scout endures Francis, Alexandra’s grandson, who had been dropped off at Finch’s Landing for the holiday. Scout thinks Francis is the most “boring” child she has ever met. She also has to put up with the prim and proper Alexandra, who insists that Scout dress like a lady instead of wearing pants.

One night, Francis tells Scout that Dill is a runt and then uses an offensive racial slur to belittle Atticus, who sympathizes with Black people. Scout curses Francis and beats him up. Francis tells Alexandra and Uncle Jack that Scout hit him, and Uncle Jack spanks Scout without hearing her side of the story. After they return to Maycomb, Scout tells Jack what Francis said and Jack becomes furious. Scout makes him promise not to tell Atticus, however, because Atticus had asked her not to fight anyone over what is said about him. Jack promises and keeps his word. Later, Scout overhears Atticus telling Jack that Tom Robinson is innocent but doomed, since it’s inconceivable that an all-white jury would ever acquit him.

Atticus, Scout says, is somewhat older than most of the other fathers in Maycomb. His relatively advanced age often embarrasses his children—he wears glasses and reads, for instance, instead of hunting and fishing like the other men in town. One day, however, a mad dog appears, wandering down the main street toward the Finches’ house. Calpurnia calls Atticus, who returns home with Heck Tate, the sheriff of Maycomb. Heck brings a rifle and asks Atticus to shoot the animal. To Jem and Scout’s amazement, Atticus does so, hitting the dog with his first shot despite his considerable distance from the dog. Later, Miss Maudie tells Jem and Scout that, as a young man, Atticus was the best shot in the county—“One-shot Finch.” Scout is eager to brag about this, but Jem tells her to keep it a secret, because if Atticus wanted them to know, he would have told them.

On the way to the business district in Maycomb is the house of Mrs. Dubose, a cantankerous old lady who always shouts at Jem and Scout as they pass by. Atticus warns Jem to be a gentleman to her, because she is old and sick, but one day she tells the children that Atticus is not any better than the people he advocates for, and Jem loses his temper. Jem takes a baton from Scout and destroys all of Mrs. Dubose’s camellia bushes. As punishment, Jem must go to her house every day for a month and read to her. Scout accompanies him and they endure Mrs. Dubose’s abuse and peculiar fits, which occur at the end of every reading session. Each session is longer than the one before. Mrs. Dubose dies a little more than a month after Jem’s punishment ends. Atticus reveals to Jem that she was addicted to morphine and that the reading was part of her successful effort to combat this addiction. Atticus gives Jem a box that Mrs. Dubose had given her maid for Jem; in it lies a single white camellia.

The fire in which the previous section culminated represents an important turning point in the narrative structure of To Kill a Mockingbird. Before the fire, the novel centers on Scout’s childhood world, the games that she plays with Jem and Dill, and their childhood superstitions about Boo Radley. After the fire, Boo Radley and childhood pursuits begin to retreat from the story, and the drama of the trial takes over. This shift begins the novel’s gradual dramatization of the loss-of-innocence theme, as adult problems and concerns begin disrupting the happy world of the Finch children.

The occasion for the adult world to intrude on Scout’s life is the trial of Tom Robinson. Because Robinson is a Black man accused of raping a white woman, the white residents of Maycomb are furious that Atticus, the town’s best lawyer, would choose to help his cause. The townspeople are unwilling to limit their displays of anger to Atticus himself; Scout and Jem become targets as well. The town of Maycomb, whose inhabitants have been presented thus far in a largely positive light, suddenly turns against the Finches, as the ugly, racist underbelly of Southern life exposes itself. Even members of Atticus’s own family—Alexandra and her obnoxious grandson—condemn his decision to defend Tom Robinson. Chapter 9 marks Alexandra’s first appearance in the story, and her portrayal is mostly negative; only later will she develop into a sympathetic character.

Read more about prejudice as a theme.

The adversity faced by the family reveals Atticus’s parenting style, his focus on instilling moral values in Jem and Scout. Particularly important to Atticus are justice, restraint, and honesty. He tells his children to avoid getting in fights, even if they are verbally abused, and to practice quiet courage instead. When he gives Jem and Scout air rifles as presents, he advises them that it is a sin to kill a mockingbird. This idea is, of course, the source of the novel’s title, and it reflects the book’s preoccupation with injustices inflicted upon innocents. In different ways, Jem and Scout, Boo Radley, and Tom Robinson are all “mockingbirds.”

Read important quotes about mockingbirds.

The incident with the mad dog demonstrates Atticus’s courage and symbolizes the town’s dependence upon his protection from both the rabid animal and the worst evil within themselves. That Scout, in particular, is so impressed with the masculine prowess with which she associates his marksmanship symbolizes how much she has to learn about courage. For, in Atticus’s mind, true bravery has nothing to do with weapons. The subsequent events surrounding Mrs. Dubose give him an opportunity to show Jem what he considers real courage. Mrs. Dubose, in many ways, represents everything wrong with Maycomb: she is unforgivably racist, raining curses on the children and denigrating Atticus for representing a Black man. Yet the darkness in her is balanced by her bravery and determination, and just as Atticus loves Maycomb despite its flaws, he respects Mrs. Dubose for possessing “real courage,” which he explains as “when you know you’re licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what.” This attitude, of course, fittingly describes Atticus’s approach to the Tom Robinson case. Atticus puts into practice every moral idea that he espouses, which is the key to his importance in Maycomb and his heroism in the novel.

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I go to Phillips Exeter Academy and according to her, Interlochen Arts Academy is more prestigious , elite, exclusive, harder to get into, yadda yaddais

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There are 29 digital skills for a 21st century teacher.

The Harvard University website says that it has selected ten of the 500 EXCEL functions, which are easy to learn and can make a big difference in productivity. Our top 100 list has an order of utility that is decreasing.

If you don't know what to learn next in excel, you should look at this 2 2 matrix, which factors in the utility and time it takes to learn a skill. Do you already use any of them? Do your students use it?

We allow ourselves to share the ten excel functions that Harvard University proposes that we all learn and that will take approximately two hours. This learning could make a difference between the teacher that you are today and the one that will join your classroom next week or after the holidays. It will take a lot of determination and enthusiasm to learn these ten functions.

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It will improve our teaching performance, it will help us not to distance ourselves from the resources that some of our students handle, and it will prepare us for the educational demands of the world to come.

Good job!

You can use the option called "paste special" to paste the information in another way if you want, but it's not possible to copy the information from a selection of cells. You can choose which elements to copy and which not.

That way you don't have to copy formulas.

When you copy something in your cell, you can make a special paste by pressing theCtrl+Alt+V.

The command is used to paste elements. The option in the dialog can be chosen using the dropdown menu.

Sometimes you need to add multiple rows to a table at once, and doing it one by one isn't always the most practical.

The function speeds up the task.

To add rows, use a keyboard shortcut to select the number of rows you want to add, and click the right button. You can use the "Insert Sheet Rows" command if you want to add the rows first.

It is a system that allows excel to learn from the work you do and fill in some cells with your own patterns.

If you put first and last names in two different columns, it will suggest a full name.

To run it, you have to either press the "Data" tab or "Fast fill" "Advanced" and "Automatic Quick Fill" are available on the help page of Microsoft Office.

They are used to perform complex searches. They are not very interesting, but their power is appreciated.

They explain from the university that both allow you to extract the specific data and values you need from large spreadsheets, so that a tedious and routine task becomes quick and easy. The method requires a little more time to learn, but it will allow you to be much quicker when looking for data.

The matrix and reference are the two main Syntaxes of "Index". The first is used to search.

"Match" is a method used to find the position of a value in a list.

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Adding a row or column is one of the first functions that you learn in excel. Did you know that you can select the cell at the end of a row in a few seconds?

To execute it, select the cell and then click the function to be activated. It's equivalent to the autosum.

You already know that the keyboard is used to correct errors.

You can recover what you deleted by using the Ctrl + Y command. It's like a free pass that will save you from any problems.

It's very easy to run it, you just have to press Y to return any mistakes you've removed with Z.

The formula is easy to use. One would expect it to remove repeating values from any data set in excel. You should place what you want to remove on another sheet. The first value in the table is what the system defaults to.

To run it, you have to select the table, go to the data tab of excel, and click on the Remove Duplicates option.

The program will ask you which column you will use.

You can usezing rows and columns to contrast data that is far away from others in the spreadsheet. You will see them on the screen when you navigate through it.

Click on the "view" or "visualization" menu if you want to freeze the part of the spreadsheet you want.

Click on the column you want to freeze to select it.

F4 has two functions in excel, one for creating an absolute reference and another for repeating your most recent action or command.

Press F4 when you want to do one of those things. It will repeat the last action most of the time. If you press the key while you have a cell with a formula highlighted, it will give you options of possible references.

This option is especially useful for large databases, as it allows access to the latest figure in a matter of seconds.

To execute it, you can either use the command with the down arrow or scroll through it with the arrows. It will allow you to maximize your productivity by selecting data in seconds.

This information has been highlighted and excerpted from the article, "10 excel functions " whch we all should learn", which we recommend to Harvard University.

We know from experience that anything we want to learn is much more difficult if we only study.

The trick to learning to use a tool is to practice, according to Raimundo Ycaza. He suggests setting a goal, something to achieve with the tool, and thinking of something you would like to improve on.

You gain confidence with every win. It is necessary to remember that it needs to work. How can I learn to excel?

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We share only 14 formulas that we saw on xataka.com and that are for educational purposes.

Adding, subtracting, multiplication, and division are the simplest math operations. Special operators are used in other cases, so the sum is only a formula.

The logical order of mathematical operations is respected by the program and it supports the use of parentheses to prioritize some operations over others.

You can use this method to create formulas like A1 + C2 * C7 / 10 +.

The average formula returns the average value of the cells you pass or the range of cells you pass. The result is also known as the mean.

If you want to know which is the largest value or smallest value of a set, you can use the MAX and MIN formulas. They can be used with separate cells or ranges of cells.

SI.ERROR is a formula that will get you out of trouble. You can avoid them with it.

If another operation fails, you can return a value. Any division by zero will fail, potentially causing a chain reaction of errors, and this is common with divisions.

The operation in question can be a formula.

If is one of the most powerful formulas in EXCEL and it can return a different result depending on whether the condition is met. You could use it to make one cell say "PASSED" if another is more than 5 or less.

Counta is one of the formulas used for counting values.

COUNTA also counts values other than numbers. It can be useful for you to know how many entries a table has, even if the data is not numerical.

The COUNTIF formula is a mix of the two. As long as they meet certain requirements, it will count the cells in the specified range. These may have a value or meet certain conditions.

Weekday is a date-related formula that returns the day of the week for a date. There are several ways to start counting, as you can indicate in the second parameter, although Monday is 1, Tuesday is 2, and so on.

You must use one of the parameters for account type.

If you want to create a link with different text, you need to use a formula. You can add links to any cell with the formula.

It is a formula that changes rows to columns. You have to apply it to rows that match the table you want to change. If the table has 2 rows and 4 columns, you need to apply it to the other 2 rows and 2 columns.

You have to press Control + Shift + Enter to apply it.

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