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To get the best predictable results when sending your designs/photos for commercial offset printing you need to select a suitable CMYK profile that best matches the destination printing conditions before converting images to cmyk. Graphic design software such as Adobe’s Creative Suite (Photoshop, Indesign and Illustrator) come with ICC profile presets for sheetfed and web offset presses and various coated and uncoated paper types. There are profiles for North America, Europe and Japan who each have different printing standards.

In an ideal world, there would be an international standard that all printers globally would follow for each printing method, with standard inks, paper and press setups, and there would be just one set of ICC profiles for each of these conditions. This would make life easier for designers, who often don’t know who is going to be printing their designs. It would be a safe bet that something printed in the UK would be a close match to the same design printed in the US, for example. Lets hope that this will all happen in the future!

If you know who will be doing the printing, then for best results, ask which profile you should use, they may even supply you with a custom profile specifically for their setup. But if you don’t know who will be doing the printing, which is often the case these days, then use the profiles listed below.

There is no answer to “what is the right profile” that doesn’t involve asking the printer. I’ve noticed many designers work hard to avoid interacting with the printer, and in many cases basically mistrust the printer, but you need to work as a team. (Yes, finding the right person can be hard; and finding a common vocabulary can be hard too).

However, PDF/X4 should retain the colors as they are—then the colors should be converted at the RIP stage, which is the correct place for it to occur. Like conventional presses, digital equipment uses a range of inks and papers, so there is no single profile that would always be correct, and the press operator can often calibrate the equipment to one of several differnt standards. I use a printer that offers both offset and digital (using an HP Indigo) printing, and all of their equipment is calibrated to GRAcol. If your printer can’t tell you the correct profile to use this is a big red flag shouting that they don’t know anything about color management. Don’t expect good color fidelity, and insist on a contract proof if you decide to go with them anyway.

For sheetfed litho printing in North America the GRACoL (General Requirements for Applications in Commercial Offset Lithography) setup is becoming popular for printing on coated paper.

CMYK Profile:

For web offset production, then the SWOP (Specifications for Web Offset Publications) setup is used for printing on lightweight papers.

CMYK Profiles:

Choose one of these three ICC profiles if you know the type of press and paper type. If not, then it is safer to go with ‘Web Coated SWOP 2006 Grade 5 Paper’ as it has a TAC of 300%. As mentioned above it is better to have too little ink than too much. However, if this profile is used, and the press has a higher TAC, then photos will print out slightly lighter in the shadows.

The international standard ISO 12647/2-2004 is being used by more and more printers in the UK and Europe these days. The German printing research organisation (FOGRA) developed this standard by testing a large number of presses using a range of paper types and produced a set of datasets. These were then used to create the ICC profiles ‘ISO coated.icc’ and ‘ISO web coated.icc’ for sheetfed litho on coated papers, and web offset on lightweight coated, respectfully (FOGRA27).

These cmyk profiles have now been replaced with a new Version-2 update based on a new FOGRA39 dataset: as not all printers were able to reproduce the same results. Version 2 solves this problem and makes it easier for printers to achieve this standard.

If you are using older versions of Adobe software then it is likely that you do not have the new profiles installed, unless you have manually updated them yourself. There is a link below so you can download the latest versions from ECI.

Print setup:

CMYK Profiles:

These two profiles are available to download from the ECI website.

‘ISO coated v2 300% (ECI)’ can be used when the intended printing condition is not yet known. A lot a printers prefer to keep the TAC to below 300% even for sheetfed offset on coated papers, to avoid printing problems caused by too high ink coverage. Better to have too little than have too much ink! However, if this profile is used, and the press has a higher TAC, then photographs will print lighter in the shadow areas.

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