Ambuja Dhaliwal

What does baka mean? The short answer:

Baka (馬鹿 or ばか) is a Japanese swear or curse word meaning idiot, jackass, dumbass, or unthinking fool. (Excuse our language, please!)

That said, baka’s meaning is highly contextual, as our resident Japanese expert explains:

“Baka (馬鹿) means a fool or an idiot, and used as an insult. It’s a world children would use, though, of course, that’s not encouraged! Many people will tell you never to say baka when speaking Japanese, but that’s not entirely accurate.

There are not many swear words in the Japanese language, so it’s true that this word shouldn’t be used lightly when dealing with acquaintances, strangers, or co-workers.

However, just like in English, some people will use baka when speaking to close friends and loved ones as a kind of endearment. Tone is very important. So the word baka may be used in real life more than you think. You just have to be careful how and when you use it!”

That’s the quick version

Got the information you needed? Don’t stop expanding your Japanese vocabulary here – there are so many more wonderful words to learn!

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Unsatisfied by the short answer? Here’s the longer version:

Maybe you heard someone being called baka. Maybe you saw it in Japanese film and TV – it’s incredibly common in anime. Or maybe you were on the receiving end of this rather childish insult yourself.

Whatever your reason for seeking baka’s meaning, you’ve come to the right spot – we’ll define this well-known Japanese curse word, then get into the nitty gritty of its use and meaning in English.

While there’s no direct translation of baka in English, we can talk about words that are similar and the subtle implications of the word.

Depending on the context, baka as an insult has subtle notes of:

To complicate matters even further, baka has three other meanings and uses:

It can also be used to say that someone is crazy for something, or so distracted by a particular thing that they become careless in other areas. This is usually in a compound word, where baka is added as a suffix.

For example:

Senmonbaka (専門ばか): booksmart but not street smart, someone who’s an expert or academic, but lacks common knowledge

Oyabaka (親馬鹿 or おやばか): literally a parent idiot, meaning doting parents, used to describe parents who are so in love with their children that they fail to see their faults.

Sentoubaka (戦闘ばか): someone who loves to fight, fighting-stupid.

There’s even a well-known manga series called Tsuribaka-Nisshi (釣りバカ日誌), basically meaning Fishing Nut’s Diary. It centres around a salaryman named Densuke Hamasaki who loves fishing so much, his unimaginative supervisor calls him ‘Fishing-baka’ – but the joke’s on his manager, because through fishing he meets and befriends his company’s CEO.

Super, extra, or very – used the way we would say, “it was insanely crowded at the club last night” or, “This new Netflix series is crazy good.” In this case, baka is added as a prefix.

For example:

Baka dekai (馬鹿でかい): ridiculously big

Baka dakai (馬鹿高い): super expensive

Baka uke (馬鹿受): very popular, quickly gaining popularity

Lastly, you can turn baka on yourself! You can use it to say that you yourself have done a careless thing or been distracted by something, or simply to give reverence to the thing you care most about. It’s usually used humbly and jokingly.

Now, we’re covering the most crucial bit of all! Here are the most common situations where you can use baka:

And here are the times you should never use baka:

Basically, err on the side of bak-caution.

And lastly, when thinking about whether or not to let a “baka!” escape your lips, consider where you are – or where the person you’re talking to is from.

Disclaimer: if you’ve already read our guide to the Japanese alphabets, these different spellings of baka will look familiar to you. But if not, it’s worth taking some time to cover the basics before you dive in!

As we mentioned earlier, baka is usually written in kanji as 馬鹿

You may also see it written in hiragana, where you’d write ばか:

ば か

ba ka

Or, less commonly (for emphasis), in katakana as バカ:

バ カ

ba ka

If you’re deep into the internet, you may have also seen baka written as ヴァカ or βακα, but those are… less correct.

In terms of pronunciation, ‘a’ is always pronounced ah, as in “bah, humbug!”, so baka is pronounced simply:

bah kah

Baka. Easy, right?

Now that we’ve covered every possible meaning of baka and its pronunciation, let’s ponder this: where did the word baka come from? Well, the truth is, we don’t know. There are several different origin stories.

One thing we do know is that the word first appeared in writing as bakamono (馬鹿者), an insult loosely meaning foolish man, in 1342 as part of the Taiheiki, a Japanese historical epic.

Before that, it gets a little murkier.

It’s generally believed that baka came either from Sanskrit as a loanword via Buddhist monks (they do tease, those monks!), or from Classical Chinese – which comes with a little bit of folklore. See, the kanji characters used to make the word baka are:

馬 鹿

ba ka

horse deer

Now, many different kanji characters could be used to write the syllables ba and ka, so why choose these two?

Well, there’s a Chinese phrase, “to point at a deer and call it a horse” – meaning to willfully misrepresent something. It comes from a story that dates back to sometime around 220 B.C.

The story goes that a powerful eunuch named Zhao Gao wanted to take control of the Qin government. To test loyalties, he brought a deer to the Emperor and called it a horse in front of several government officials. The Emperor, of course, noticed that it was, in fact, a deer.

Anyone who said that it was a horse got to join the treasonous plot, while everyone who agreed with the Emperor that it was a deer mysteriously wound up dead. Not a great day to be a very literal person. There are many similar stories from other empires over the years, so who knows how true it is, but the story certainly stuck – and many think that it formed the basis for baka being written as “horse deer”.

We may never know the full origin story. The truth could well be some combination of these two things colliding to form the word as we know it today.

But what we do know is that baka has been around for a long time – and it isn’t going anywhere.

Now you know the horse from the deer! Be smart (and not willfully ignorant) about how you use this phenomenal vocabulary power.

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PayPal and Cash App are two similar platforms. Both have a mobile app and allow you to spend and receive money.

While PayPal is more focused on online transactions, Cash App simplifies banking transactions, sending money to others and withdrawing money via debit card. While PayPal offers similar features, Cash App is a lot more popular for such transactions. So, perhaps you’ve wondered how to transfer funds between the two apps.

Let’s break down what you need to do if you have money in your PayPal account that you’d like to transfer to your Cash App.

Unfortunately, there is no way to send money directly from PayPal to Cash App. However, there is a way to use your PayPal balance for Cash App. This requires only a few additional steps, which you should do as follows!

PayPal allows you to receive payments from friends and family, as well as for goods and services. If you don’t have money in your PayPal account, you can still deposit money into your PayPal account to spend online or send to someone.

Since you’re reading this article, you probably already have some money in your PayPal account, so you just need to make sure that your money isn’t sitting on hold and that you can withdraw it. This means that your funds should be available. If you need to verify your PayPal account, this must be done before you can withdraw your money.

Unfortunately, you can’t send your money directly from PayPal to Cash App. Instead, you need to link a bank account to your PayPal account. To do that, go to the Wallet tab and click the Link a bank button.

You can either enter a bank account or a credit card. The money you transfer to a card will arrive in your bank account. To successfully add a bank account or a credit card, you need to enter the details and then perform the necessary verification.

Once you get past this step, you can transfer money to your bank account by clicking the Transfer Money button under the PayPal balance in the main dashboard. Then select the bank account or credit card you want to transfer the money.

Transferring your money from PayPal to your bank account can be instant, but it can also take a few days, so keep that in mind. However, if you have money in your bank account, you’re just one step away from transferring it to your Cash App.

To add money from your bank account to the Cash App, log into Cash App, open the Banking tab, and click the Add Cash button. There, enter the amount of money you want to add and select the source you want to add the money from. This is the bank account you used to receive money from PayPal.

If you have a bank account linked to Cash App, the transaction will be completed. However, if you haven’t linked the bank account yet, you’ll be prompted to link the account before the transactions are completed. It can take anywhere from one day to three or more days before you see the money in your Cash App.

While PayPal is one of the safest ways to store and pay online, Cash App is much more versatile. CashApp is the preferred way to send and receive money over PayPal because it provides a cash card that you can use to spend money at local stores or withdraw money at an ATM.

Other advantages include buying and selling stocks or bitcoin, which you can’t always do with PayPal. While there is no direct way to transfer money from PayPal to CashApp, it’s worth waiting for your money, even if it only takes a few days, as you can do much more with it.

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To speed up your existing code measurably, add def main(): before the assignment to tokenList, indent everything after that 4 spaces, and at the end put the usual idiom

if __name__ == '__main__':"  main()

(The guard is not actually necessary, but it's a good habit to have nevertheless since, for scripts with reusable functions, it makes them importable from other modules).

This has little to do with "object oriented" anything: it's simply faster, in Python, to keep all your substantial code in functions, not as top-level module code.

Second speedup, change cleanedInput into a list, i.e., its first assignment should be = [], and wherever you now have +=, use .append instead. At the end, ''.join(cleanedInput) to get the final resulting string. This makes your code take linear time as a function of input size (O(N) is the normal way of expressing this) while it currently takes quadratic time (O(N squared)).

Then, correctness: the two statements right after continue never execute. Do you need them or not? Remove them (and the continue) if not needed, remove the continue if those two statements are actually needed. And the tests starting with if diff will fail dramatically unless the previous if was executed, because diff would be undefined then. Does your code as posted perhaps have indentation errors, i.e., is the indentation of what you posted different from that of your actual code?

Considering these important needed enhancements, and the fact that it's hard to see what advantage you are pursuing in making this tiny code OO (and/or modular), I suggest clarifying the indenting / correctness situation, applying the enhancements I've proposed, and leaving it at that;-).

Edit: as the OP has now applied most of my suggestions, let me follow up with one reasonable way to hive off most functionality to a class in a separate module. In a new file, for example foobar.py, in the same directory as the original script (or in site-packages, or elsewhere on sys.path), place this code:

def token_of(line):"  return line.partition(':')[-1].strip()""class FileParser(object):"  def __init__(self, filename):"    self.tokenList = open(filename, 'r')""  def cleaned_input(self):"    cleanedInput = []"    prevLine = 0""    for line in self.tokenList:"        if line.startswith('LINE:'):"            lineNo = int(token_of(line))"            diff = lineNo - prevLine - 1"            cleanedInput.append('"' * (diff if diff>1 else diff+1))"            prevLine = lineNo"        else:"            cleanedLine = token_of(line)"            cleanedInput.append(cleanedLine + ' ')""    return cleanedInput

Your main script then becomes just:

import sys"import foobar""def main():"    thefile = foobar.FileParser(sys.argv[1])"    print thefile.cleaned_input()""if __name__ == '__main__':"  main()

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