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OTDR testing would not be possible without the science that precedes it. Understanding the physical laws that make up this instrument will give you valuable information about the principles that govern OTDR.

The first working laser in 1960 was made possible when Albert Einstein planted the seeds for his theory that electrons could be stimulated to emit a particular waveform. The use of fiber optics for telecommunications around the world is not included in the applications contemplated in the Times.

OTDR testers have been developed using many revolutionary discoveries.

An OTDR consists of a laser source, a photodiode detector and a timing circuit. The laser emits a light pulse with a wavelength that is transmitted along the fiber under test. As the light travels down the fiber, parts of the light are reflected or scattered back down the fiber toward the OTDR's photo detector. The intensity of the light and the time it takes to return to the detector show the amount of loss and the location of the event.

The light comes back to the photo detector through a series of mechanisms.

OTDR testing can be used to determine the condition of a fiber optic cable that could not be determined. When the link contains several connections that are susceptible to failure, this is essential.

If a greater than expected loss occurs at a given point in the fiber optical run, ORL and reflectance can be used to diagnose it.

The degree of backscattering is indicative of the total attenuation of the fiber.

These same principles are used to make valuable distance measurements when there is a need for repair or maintenance. The end of a fiber link can be detected by means of a reflection called a Fresnel reflection, since a break or the end of an unterminated fiber also means a change in medium.

A graphical presentation of the analysis findings can be used to determine the distance to faults, splices and connections.

The variety of product offerings continues to grow as the functional utility of OTDR testing increases along with the demand for better test storage, reporting, accuracy, and speed. There are two main categories,desktop and laptop. A portable or compact OTDR is usually a lightweight, battery-operated device intended for use in the field, while a benchtop OTDR is usually a feature rich instrument that incorporates a direct AC power source.

The features and options that an OTDR offers is something that one must consider.

Multimode, singlemode, or both are the types of fiber that you are testing. The length of the fiber is a factor. Products that are designed for long-distance applications have higher dynamic range capabilities, which would not be required for testing over shorter-distance fiber optical links.

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