Mirella Flohr

A premature ventricular complex (PVC) is a premature beat arising from an ectopic focus within the ventricles. AKA: ventricular ectopics, ventricular extrasystoles, ventricular premature beats, ventricular premature depolarisations.

Appropriate discordance describes a pattern of repolarisation abnormality (typically seen with left bundle branch block, paced rhythms, VT) in which the ST segment and T wave are directed opposite to the main vector of the QRS complex. Because there is abnormal depolarisation, there is subsequent abnormal repolarisation which is discordant:

With a full compensatory pause, the next normal beat arrives after an interval that is equal to double the preceding R-R interval

Retrograde capture describes the process whereby the ectopic impulse is conducted retrogradely through the AV node, producing atrial depolarisation. This is visible on the ECG as an inverted P wave (“retrograde P wave“), usually occurring after the QRS complex.

PVCs are said to be “frequent” if there are more than 5 PVCs per minute on the routine ECG, or more than 10-30 per hour during ambulatory monitoring.

PVCs may be either:

The origin of each PVC can be discerned from the QRS morphology:

PVCs often occur in repeating patterns:

Frequent PVCs are usually benign, except in the context of an prolonged QTc, when they may predispose to malignant ventricular arrhythmias such as Torsades de Pointes by causing “R on T” phenomenon

Frequent or symptomatic PVCs may be due to:

When is a PVC not a PVC?

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Her friend and teammate in PURETTY.

Her friend and teammate in PURETTY.

Her friend and teammate in PURETTY.

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Maybe his sergeant asked him to get his notebook out and take a statement, or maybe an inspector commented to him...

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When Sir Francis Bacon published in his work, Meditationes Sacrae (1597), the saying: "knowledge itself is power", he most likely wanted to transmit the idea that having and sharing knowledge is the cornerstone of reputation and influence, and therefore power; all achievements emanate from this.