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If you came hear hoping I was going to say there are valid reasons not to patch, you are out of luck. There is never a valid reason not to patch…
Instead this post is more about the general approach to patching. I’ve spent 22+ years writing about Oracle, including how to install it, but I’ve written practically nothing about how to patch a database. My stock answer is “read the patch notes”, and to be honest that is probably the best thing anyone can do. Although patching is a lot more standardized these days, it’s still worth reading the patch notes in case something unexpected happens. In this post I just want to talk about a few top-level things…
There are two big reasons for patching to a new ORACLE_HOME, or out-of-place patching.
There are some downsides though.
So should you follow the recommendation of patching to a new home or not? The answer as always is “it depends”.
The reduction in downtime for a single instance database is good, but if you are running RAC or Data Guard, this isn’t really an issue as the database remains online for most of the patching anyway. Having a quick fallback is great, but once again if you are running RAC or Data Guard this isn’t a big deal.
If you are running without RAC or Data Guard, you have made a decision that you can tolerate a certain level of downtime, so is taking the system down for an hour every quarter that big a deal? I’ve heard of folks who use RAC and/or Data Guard who still bring the whole system offline to patch, so the decision is probably going to be very different for people, depending on their environment and the constraints they are working with.
I hope you’re taking OS and database backups before patching. If something catastrophic happens, such that a rollback of the patch is not possible, you can recover your original home and database from the backups. Clearly this could take a long time, depending on how your backups are done, but the risk of loss is low. So the question is, can you tolerate the additional downtime?
You have to make a decision on the pros and cons of each approach for you, and of course deal with the consequences. If in doubt, go with the recommendation and patch to a new home.
Read-only Oracle homes were introduced in 18c (here) as an option, and are the default from Oracle 21c onward. One of the benefits of read-only Oracle homes is they make switching homes so much easier. You haven’t got to worry about copying configuration files between homes, as they are already located outside the home.
You have a choice between patching using a Release Update (RU), or a Release Update Revision (RUR). To put it simply, a RU contains not only the latest security patches and regression fixes, but may also include additional functionality, so the risk of introducing a new bug is higher. A RUR is just the security patches and regression fixes. Unlike the Critical Patch Updates (CPUs) of the past, that ran on endlessly, RURs are tied to specific RUs, so you will end up applying the RUs, but at a later date, when hopefully the bugs have been sorted by the RUR…
The folks at Oracle suggest applying the RUs, which is what I (currently) do. Some in the Oracle community suggest applying RURs is the safer strategy. If you look at the “Known Issues” for each RU, and the list of recommended one-off patches that should be applied after the RU, you can see why some people are nervous of going directly to RUs.
Once again, this comes down to you and your experience of patching with the feature set you use. If you are finding RUs are too problematic, go with the RUR approach. You can always change your mind at any time…
There’s a new kid on the block starting with 19.17 on Linux, which are monthly recommended patches (MRPs). They replace RURs. There are 6 MRPs per RU, with each MRP containing the RU and the current batch of recommended one-off patches, as documented in MOS Note 555.1.
I’m assuming these are rolling and standby-first patches, but I can’t confirm that yet.
Rolling patches can be applied one node at a time, so there are always database instances running, which means the database remains available for the whole of the patching process.
Release Updates (RUs) and Release Update Revisions (RURs) are always rolling patches, so it makes sense to take advantage of this approach. If you are applying one-off patches, these may not be rolling patches, so always check the patch notes to make sure.
Even when rolling patches are available, you can still make the decision to take the whole system offline to apply the patches. I’m not sure why you would want to do this, but the option is there for you.
Release Updates (RUs) and Release Update Revisions (RURs) are always standby-first patches. This gives you some flexibility on how you approach patching your system. Here are two scenarios with a two node Data Guard setup, where node 1 is the primary and node 2 is the standby.
Scenario 1 : Switchovers
Scenario 2 : No switchovers
Scenario 1 reduces downtime, as the primary is always running while the standby is having the binaries patched. Scenario 2 is simpler, but has a more extensive downtime as the primary is out of action while the binaries are being patched.
Remember, one-off patches may not be standby-first patches, so you may only have the option of scenario 2 when applying them. You have to read the patch notes.
Oracle 21c has simplified the OJVM patching situation. In previous releases the OJVM patches were completely separate. The grid infrastructure (GI) and database patches for 21c include the OJVM patches. For 19c the OJVM patches are still separate.
The separate 19c OJVM patches come with additional restrictions. They are not standby-first patches, and according to the patch notes, they can only be applied as RAC rolling patches if you use out-of-place patching.
Writing about patching is difficult, because everyone has a unique environment, and their own constraints placed on them by their business. I’ve always avoided writing too much about patching because I know it’s opening myself up for criticism. Whatever you say, someone will always disagree because of their unique situation, or demand yet another patching scenario because of their unique environment. You’re damned if you do, and damned if you don’t.
I’ve recently written a few patching articles for specific scenarios (here). I may add some more, but it’s not going to be a complete list, and don’t expect me to write articles about stuff I don’t use, like Exadata. These are purely meant as inspiration for new people. Ultimately, you need to read the patch notes and decide what is best for you!
If all this is too much hassle, you do have the option of moving your database to the cloud and letting them worry about patching it. 🙂
Read the patch notes!
Cheers
Tim…
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Amazon Prime Video पर 29 अक्टूबर, 2021 को रिलीज़ हुई इमरान हाशमी की फिल्म ‘डिबुक’ दर्शकों को लुभा नहीं पाई, लेकिन लोगों के मन में असली डिबुक बॉक्स (Dybbuk box) के बारे में जिज्ञासा जगा गई। आज की पोस्ट में हम फिल्म की कहानी और असली Dybbuk box के बारे में कुछ बातें आपसे शेयर करने जा रहे हैं।
Jewish माइथोलोजी के अनुसार Dybbuk box एक शापित बक्सा होता है। कुछ कहानियों के अनुसार इस बक्से के मालिक के जीवन में बहुत से अशुभ बातें होने लगती है। 2003 में एक वेबसाइट पर केविन मेनिस नाम के एक आदमी ने Dybbuk box को बेचने के लिए इसका विज्ञापन दिया और डिस्क्रिप्शन में पूरी कहानी लिखी कि कैसे उसे ये बॉक्स मिला और वो इससे पीछा क्यों छुड़ाना चाहता है। विज्ञापन के अंत में उसने “Help me” लिखा।
डिस्क्रिप्शन के अनुसार मेनिस ने इस Dybbuk box को, जो की एक वाइन केबिनेट जैसा था, एक महिला से ख़रीदा था। इस महिला को यह बॉक्स उसकी दादी ने दिया था जो कि सेकंड वर्ल्ड वार में हिटलर की आर्मी से बचने के बाद अमेरिका में बस गई थी। महिला ने इस बॉक्स को मेनिस को बेचते समय कुछ अजीब से शब्द बोले, जो कुछ इस तरह थे। मैंने देखा कि तुमने यह Dybbuk box खरीद लिया है।” मेनिस इन शब्दों से अंजान था और उसे नहीं पता था कि इन शब्दों का उसके जीवन पर का असर होने वाला था। बेचने के बाद उस महिला ने यह भी बताया कि इस बॉक्स में एक शापित आत्मा रहती है, इसलिए इसे कभी भी मत खोलना। लेकिन मेनिस ने इस वार्निंग को नजरअंदाज कर दिया।
उसने बॉक्स को खोल लिया। बॉक्स में 2 पुराने अमेरिकी सिक्के, बालों के गुच्छे, कैंडल स्टिक, गोल्डन वाइन ग्लास और कुछ अन्य अजीब से वस्तुएं निकली। मेनिस ने इसे अपनी मां को हैलोवीन पर गिफ्ट कर दिया। इसके बाद उसकी मां की जिंदगी में अजीबोगरीब चीजें होने लगी। उन्हें हार्ट अटैक आ गया। डरावने सपने आने लगे। मेनिस और उसके भाई के साथ भी यही सब होने लगा। बॉक्स में से बिल्ली की यूरिन की बदबू आती थी और एक सपना जिसमे एक आदमी सुसाइड करता हुआ दिखता था। यही सब बातें उसने वेबसाइट पर Dybbuk box को बेचने वाले विज्ञापन में भी लिखी।
इसके बाद लगभग हर ऑनलाइन शॉपिंग पोर्टल पर Dybbuk box दिखाई देने लगे और कुछ लोग तो इसे ओपन करते हुए वीडियो यू ट्यूब पर भी डालने लग गए।
मुख्य कलाकार – इमरान हाशमी, निकिता दत्ता, दर्शना बनिक, प्रणय रंजन, मानव कौल, विवाना सिंह प्रोड्यूसर – भूषण कुमार, कृष्ण कुमार, कुमार मंगत पाठक, जय के निर्देशक – जय कृष्ण
फिल्म 2017 में रिलीज़ हुए मलयालम फिल्म इजरा का रीमेक है। मॉरिशस में एंटीक वस्तुंओं के शोरूम में एक बक्से में से एक आत्मा निकलती है और वहां के एक कर्मचारी को मार देती है। फिल्म के किरदार सैम और माही मॉरीशस में रहने आते है और अपने घर को सजाने के लिए इस बक्से को ले आते है। माही इस बक्से को खोल लेती है और बक्से में से आत्मा बाहर निकल कर उसके शरीर में घुस जाती है। उसके साथ ही इनके जीवन में कुछ अजीब घटनाएं होने लगती है।
एक पादरी की मदद से कुछ जानकारियां जुटा कर सैम इज़रायल जाकर रबाई बेन्यामिन और उसके बेटे मार्कस से मिलता है। यहीं उसे पता चलता है कि उसके घर में रखे बक्से में एज़रा की आत्मा रहती है, जो माही के शरीर पर कब्ज़ा कर चुकी है। एज़रा की प्रेमिका ने आत्महत्या कर ली थी, जिसके बाद गाँव वालों ने उनकी बहुत पिटाई की। उसके पिता ने एज़रा की हत्या करके आत्मा को डिबुक बॉक्स में बंद कर दिया था। अब यही आत्मा सैम और माही को परेशान कर रही है। सैम, मार्कस और पादरी एक पुलिस वाले की मदद से एज़रा की आत्मा को मुक्ति दिलवाते हैं।
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