Claudia Jambu

Great question! The period right before the Mughals arrived is particularly interesting because it sets the stage for why Babur was able to establish his empire.

In North India, the Lodi Dynasty (part of Delhi Sultanate) was in power but weakening. Ibrahim Lodi faced significant internal opposition from his own nobles, which made his kingdom vulnerable to invasion.

Meanwhile in other regions: - Gujarat was ruled by the Muzaffarid dynasty - Malwa had its own sultanate - Bengal was under the Hussain Shahi dynasty - Kashmir had the Shah Mir dynasty

In the South, the magnificent Vijayanagara Empire was at its peak under Krishna Deva Raya - this was actually one of the richest and most powerful empires in Indian history, known for its incredible architecture and administration.

What many people don't realize is that Babur didn't just randomly decide to invade India - he was actually invited by some of Ibrahim Lodi's dissatisfied nobles who wanted to replace him. The political fragmentation of the Delhi Sultanate created the perfect opportunity for the Mughals to establish themselves.

The transition from Delhi Sultanate to Mughal Empire wasn't instantaneous either - it took several generations of Mughal rulers to fully consolidate control over the subcontinent.

As a former "Where is My Train" user on iOS, I feel your pain! The app was fantastic for offline train tracking and had such a clean interface.

What happened was essentially a casualty of the ongoing battles between app store policies and developer requirements. From what I gathered from various tech forums, the removal happened around 2020-2021 timeframe. Some speculate it was related to data privacy requirements or revenue sharing issues, but without an official statement, we can only guess.

The silver lining is that other apps have really stepped up their game since then. RailYatri has become my go-to alternative - it has similar offline capabilities and the live train tracking is quite accurate. Plus, their crowd-sourced platform means you get real-time updates from fellow passengers about delays, platform changes, and coach positions.

It's worth checking out the Indian Railways official website for the most accurate official data, though the interface isn't as user-friendly as the mobile apps.

Ah, the "Where is My Train" app by Sigmoid Labs! It's actually one of the most popular train tracking apps in India, but I noticed it disappeared from the iOS App Store a while back.

From what I've researched and from user reports, the app was removed from the iOS App Store due to policy changes or compliance issues with Apple's guidelines. The Android version is still available on Google Play Store, but iOS users have been out of luck.

Alternatives for iOS users: - Indian Railways Official App (IRCTC Rail Connect) - NTES (National Train Enquiry System) - RailYatri - IXIGO trains

I'd recommend the official IRCTC app - it's come a long way and now has pretty decent features including live train tracking, booking, and PNR status. It's not exactly the same interface as "Where is My Train," but it gets the job done.

Sigmoid Labs hasn't made any official statements about bringing the app back to iOS, so unfortunately it doesn't look like it's coming back anytime soon.