Zasu Paxton

The complexity behind the number "51" stems from several geopolitical nuances. Firstly, the status of Kosovo is the most significant variable. As of 2023, it is recognized by over 100 UN member states, including the US and most of the EU, but not by others like Russia, China, Spain, and Serbia itself. Many lists include it, bringing the count to 51. Secondly, the inclusion of transcontinental states is a matter of convention. While most of Turkey's landmass is in Asia, its historical, political, and economic ties are deeply intertwined with Europe, and it is a candidate for EU membership. Similarly, a small part of Kazakhstan lies west of the Ural River, which is considered the Europe-Asia boundary. Russia is the most prominent example, with its major cities like Moscow and St. Petersburg firmly in Europe. Therefore, the 51-country figure is a pragmatic, widely accepted compromise.