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There’s no single reason but most Chinese dynasties followed a pretty familiar cycle. Early on strong leadership land reforms and stable taxes helped them rise. Over time though corruption crept in officials abused power and emperors became disconnected from ordinary people. This weakened the state from the inside.

Economically heavy taxation land concentration among elites and failing irrigation systems often led to peasant unrest. Add natural disasters like floods or droughts (which were seen as signs the ruler had lost the “Mandate of Heaven”) and rebellions became almost inevitable.