What are cns diseases?

Neuroscience specialists use special tests and techniques to see how the brain works.

Along with blood and urine tests, diseases of the nervous system can be diagnosed.

There is a treatment for it.

Neurosciences is a branch of neurosciences.

This focuses on the treatment of nervous system problems.

The blood vessels leading to the brain are the subject of interventional neuroradiology. This allows the doctor to treat disorders that can affect the nervous system.

There are treatments for the brain.

There are problems in the brain and surrounding structures that may need to be treated. This is a surgery where the surgeon needs to open a skull.

Microsurgery allows the surgeon to work on very small structures in the brain using a microscope.

Stereotactic radiosurgery can be used for certain neurological disorders. This form of radiation therapy focuses high-powered x-rays onto a small area.

This helps protect the brain tissue.

Diseases and disorders related to the nervous system may be treated.

The brain and the spine are part of the central nervous system.

The development of the three primary brain vesicles begins in the four-week-old embryo after the closing of the neural tube.

The Prosencephalon is divided into 1:

telencephalon 2

The cerebral cortex includes the occipital, parietal, temporal, and frontal cortex.

The entire cortex is in charge of language, while the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes are in charge of learning.

Body striatum.

rhinencephalon is related to the brain.

There is a diencephalon

melatonin is produced by the pineal gland.

The zone of maximum control is called the Thalamus.

The subthalamus is a diencephalic structure located between the midbrain and thalamus.

It is next to the Internal Capsule.

10: Hypothalamus: comprising: optic chiasm, tuber cinereum, mammillary tubercles and posterior pituitary that secretes two hormones: Oxytocin and Vasopressin; It is the regulatory center of emotions (Limbic System) and physical control.

The mesencephalon has four tubercles that are related to vision and two that are related to hearing and it filters information between rhombencephalon and prosencephalon.

The fourth cerebral ventricle is made up of myelencephalon and metencephalon, which are part of Rhombencephalon. It is located in the superior part of the spine and is made up of three structures.

The fourth ventricle is also in it.

13: Metencephalon

The cerebellum controls movement, muscular energy and posture.

Varolio Bridge is either protuberance or a bridge.

Myelencephalon is 16.

Basic functions such as blood circulation through the heart and breathing are controlled by the Medulla Oblongata.

It is the largest part of the brain. Seen from the outside, it is divided into two hemispheres (left and right) and is characterized by its surface with irregular folds called convolutions or cerebral gyri, more accentuated in humans than in any other (except for particular cases such as dolphins) and among them. irregular lines called fissures. The brain has white and gray matter. The cerebral cortex is what forms it.

The brain is divided into five different parts, each with its own limits marked by some of the fissures.

The brainstem pons is a part of the brain that is below the bulb.

Involuntary activities are controlled by the brain stem. The cerebellum is involved in coordination.

Direct communication between the brain and the spinal cord can be established by the medulla oblongata. The cerebral hemispheres' nerves intersect at the same level of the medulla oblongata, so that those from the right side of the body go to the left side.

This explains why a person with a left hemisphere injury can't walk on the right side of the body.

The sensory reception from the peripheral nervous system is transmitted through the spine. There are 31 pairs of nerves in the spine. Each of these nerves has sensory and motor axons. The peripheral nervous system is connected to the brain through the spine, which is a "minor" coordination center.

The brain picks up signals from the body's nerves. The brain is protected by the skull, however, if it is damaged, the results in the human body can be very significant at a cognitive level.

There is inflammation of the brain. It can be caused by a foreign substance or a viral infection.

The symptoms of this disease include headaches, neck pain, dizziness, and nausea.

Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spine.

It can be caused by a bug or a disease.

Human T-lymphotropic virus can cause leukemia. The human T-cell lymphotropic virus, or HTLV, is a retroviruses and is part of the sub family of oncoviruses. During a part of their life cycle, retroviruses reverse the normal processes oftranscription from DNA toRNA.

Human T-cell lymphotropic viruses type I and II are type C viruses.

Adult T-cell leukemias and tropical spastic paraparesis are rare human diseases associated with the HTLV-I infection. It is associated with hairy cell leukemia in some cases.

Arachnoid cysts are cerebrospinal fluid covered by arachnoid cells that can develop in the brain or spinal cord. It is a congenital disease and, in some cases, may not cause symptoms; however, if it is a large cyst, symptoms may include headache, seizures, ataxia (absence of muscle control), hemiparesis, and others.

Huntington's disease is a neurological disorder that can be passed on. The brain is prone to neuronal cell degeneration.

There is a decline that leads to movements.

People over the age of 65 are more likely to be affected by Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's is the leading cause of dementia worldwide, accounting for 40% of the cases. The cause of the disease is not known.

The brain stem is damaged in locked-in syndrome.

It is a disease in which the patient is awake, but unable to move or communicate because of their paralysis of the voluntary muscles.

There is an inherited neurological disorder. The disease can begin during childhood and can be characterized by physical and verbal tics. The cause of Tourette syndrome is not known.

Multiplesclerosis is a disease that causes damage to the myelin of the brain. Multiplesclerosis can cause visual and sensory problems, muscle weakness and depression.

The disease is caused by an electrical activity discrepancy in the brain. It is characterized by neurological disorders that cause the brain to have recurrent seizures, which can lead to cognitive, psychological and neurological consequences.

There is a disability in a person. The outcome can be predicted depending on which part of the brain or spine is damaged.

There are many ways in which infectious diseases can be transmitted.

Some of these infections can affect the brain. Aninfection is a disease caused by the invasion of a microorganism or virus.

There are disorders of the spine that have a loss of functions. There is pressure on the nerves and the spine.

The central nervous system can be affected by brain degeneration.

Parkinson's has a great challenge in getting an early diagnosis. More than half of new Parkinson's cases in Spain have not yet been diagnosed, according to the Spanish Society of Neurology. The scientific society has calculated that the delay in diagnosis is between one and three years.

The diagnosis of Parkinson's is fundamentally clinical despite the advances, according to Diego Santos. When patients present some type of motor change, like tremor at rest, muscle rigidity, or bradykinesia, the diagnosis is usually earlier.

People who don't present these motor alterations take longer to get an accurate diagnosis.

The key is to know and detect the non-motor symptoms of the disease in time.

One of the therapeutic pathways is aimed at providing dopamine to the brain.

Patients with Parkinson's disease have low levels of this molecule in their brain.

Parkinson's patients can benefit from minimally-invasive surgery that targets specific areas of the brain using high-density focused ultrasound.

Through the skin and the skull, the ultrasound can reach the specific area of the brain that needs to be treated without opening the skull.

More than 50% of patients can be helped by this technique.

It hardly has side effects, which are mild and fleeting.

Deep brain stimulation is done through the use of devices that are implanted in the brain to change the signals that cause motor symptoms.

The number of people with Alzheimer's disease in Spain could double in the next 50 years, according to forecasts. Genomic medicine is the main hope for patients with Alzheimer's, a complex and multifactorial disease, which usually develops after the age of 65 with a strong genetic component. Researchers from Europe, the United States and Australia have identified 75 regions of the genome associated with this pathology, knowledge that could open up new diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities.

Every day, the environmental factors involved in the development of Alzheimer's are known. Research seeks to better understand risk factors, both genetic and environmental, as well as to find possible therapeutic targets.

The glymphatic system has been found to be the brain's lymphatic system, according to Hernando Pérez, a specialist in sleep disorders and neurologist at the Center for Advanced Neurology (CNA) in Sevilla. The glymphatic system is activated in non-REM sleep as the perivascular channels surrounding the arteries widen. He explained that the toxins and debris are cleaned at the brain level at that time.

In the field of research, Spain participates in other projects in collaboration with the European Alzheimer's & Dementia Biobank (EADB), led by centers such as the Ace Alzheimer Center in Barcelona, ​​dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment and research of the disease, or the CIEN Foundation (Neurological Diseases Research Center).

Alzheimer's disease is influenced by the modification of the Tau protein and the build up of theamyloid peptides, according to research. The signaling pathway is implicated in the disease.

According to the Spanish Society of Neurology, there are 400,000 people in Spain with epileptic seizures.

The increase in life expectancy will lead to more and more people with scurvy. People with epileptic seizures are living longer because of the variety of treatment options and the increased survival of people with risk factors.

At some point in their lives, 15 out of every 1,000 people will have some form of scurvy. It is one of the most frequent neurological diseases and a third will suffer from it actively.

25 percent of speach cases can be prevented with good cardiovascular health. Head injuries could be the cause of at least 15% of speach cases.

It is the third most frequent neurological disease in the elderly, and the most frequent neurological disorder in children.

Other circumstances are also involved, such as possible brain injuries, strokes or head trauma.

The first line of treatment for this disease is a combination of drugs, and some patients need a combination of drugs to achieve adequate seizure control.

Sometimes, these treatments can be beneficial in controlling other symptoms of a neurological problem in patients with acquired brain damage. They can improve their behavioral aspects, such as psychomotor agitation, mood, sleep quality, and pain of neurological origin.

Multiplesclerosis is one of the diseases in which great advances have been made. If 20 years ago there was only one line of treatment, today patients can benefit from up to four therapeutic lines, but this disease of the brain and spine still does not have a definitive cure.

Communication problems between the brain and the rest of the body are caused by the immune system attacking myelin. The disease can cause permanent nerve damage or disability over time.

Similar to other diseases of the central nervous system, research is focused on finding the cause of the disease. The T cell precursor cells have been identified as the cause of the disease.

Understanding the mechanisms that influence the risk of multiplesclerosis is important to finding effective treatments. The human genome contains regions that have been found to be associated with an increased risk of this disease. Many of the regions are near genes that are active in the immune cells.

A study has shown that multiplesclerosis is linked to the Epstein- Barr virus.

According to the SEN's Demyelinating Diseases Study Group, if you have developed an infection with this virus, it does not mean that you will develop multiplesclerosis.

The Spanish Society of Neurology has explained that the extremely high prevalence of EBV seropositivity in the general population, which exceeds 90 percent, contrasts with the relatively low frequency of incidence of multiple sclerosis in the population, for which a great challenge is posed. to prove direct causality between the risk of developing the disease and previous viral infection.

"Multiplesclerosis does not follow a conventional inheritance pattern, and more than 200 genes have been identified that seem to confer an individual with a greater risk of developing it when exposed to certain factors environmental", said Llaneza.

“So far, we know that it is a chronic autoimmune, inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system, and that it is the most common non-traumatic disabling neurological disorder in young adults in developed countries, and that its incidence has increased in the world in the last decades”, said the spokesperson for the Spanish Society of Neurology.

The advances made to improve the diagnosis of rare diseases, thanks to genomic medicine, stand out. More than 100 genes have been identified that cause these genetic syndromes.

Only half of the patients have a molecular diagnosis. A new strategy for medicine has made it possible to discover new genes that cause diseases.

Several Spanish tertiary hospitals have participated in the study. The main person in charge of the project is Aurora Pujol, a professor at the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute and the Center for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases Network.

She collaborated with the National Center for Genomic Analysis.

The strategy combines the analysis of exomes and genomes by means of a computational algorithm that uses the clinical data of the patients to generate networks of interactomes and prioritize variants He performs functional studies on patient-derived cells to confirm their significance. The entire process from the description of the case to the selection of variant is done by neurologists.

The previous diagnostic odyssey of these cases, which lasted an average of 10 years, has been greatly reduced by our analysis, as we have reached a diagnosis in an average of six months.

32 percent of patients have improved clinical management thanks to the improvement in the genetics of families. In some cases, we have been able to start testing options.

Understanding the genetics of schizophrenia is essential to care for patients with this pathology and to make a correct diagnosis. Up to 120 genes are related to schizophrenia and are involved in fundamental processes in the function of the central nervous system. The INCLIVA Health Research Institute, the University of Valencia, and the Hospital Clnico de Valencia have participated in the international study.

The largest genetic study on schizophrenia to date has 76,755 patients with the disease and 243,649 without it. Some of the genes had been found to be altered in other disorders.

Many of the associations found between schizophrenia and common genetic variant are linked to specific genes.

The study found that the altered function of the brain in schizophrenia. This could explain his symptoms.

Schizophrenia can begin in late adolescence or early adulthood.

According to the World Health Organization, the incidence is 1 per 300 people in the world, and in many countries patients don't receive adequate care.

Gene therapy is a great hope for children with SMA.

The La Paz University Hospital in Madrid has treated two children with type 1 spinal muscular atrophy with gene therapy.

The SMN1 deficiency gene was inoculated through a virus that acts as a vector.

The purpose has been to improve muscular and respiratory function, and increase the survival of minor.

SMA type 1 is characterized by progressive muscle weakness, lack of motor development, respiratory distress, and premature death, and is diagnosed in the first months of life. A person who is born without the SMN1 gene can still survive even if they develop SMA.

Patients lose their motor capacity.

Neuroscience specialists use special tests and techniques to see how the brain works.

Along with blood and urine tests, diseases of the nervous system can be diagnosed.

There is a treatment for it.

Neurosciences is a branch of neurosciences. The treatment of nervous system problems is the focus of this.

The blood vessels leading to the brain are the subject of interventional neuroradiology.

This allows the doctor to treat disorders that can affect the nervous system.

There are treatments for the brain.

There are problems in the brain and surrounding structures that may need to be treated.

This is a surgery where the surgeon needs to open the skull.

Microsurgery allows the surgeon to work on very small structures in the brain using a microscope.

Stereotactic radiosurgery can be used for certain neurological disorders. This form of radiation therapy focuses high-powered x-rays onto a small area of the body. This helps prevent brain damage.

Treatments of diseases or disorders related to the nervous system may also include.