What is hda in chemistry?
Alkyl halides, also called haloalkanes or halogenoalkanes, are chemical compounds that are often derived from alkanes that contain one or more halogens. We can also say that alkyl halides are a subset of the general class of halocarbons.
Alkyl halides or haloalkanes are formed by the replacement of hydrogen atoms in an aliphatic hydrocarbon by halogen atoms (Fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine). They can also be manufactured from any organic precursors such as alkanes, alkenes, alcohols and carboxylic acids. Generally, alkyl halides contain hydrogen atoms attached to the sp3 hybridized carbon atom of alkyl groups.
Some examples of alkyl halide include,
Alkyl Halide can be classified on the basis of various aspects, and they are as follows.
Here, the classification mainly depends on whether they contain one, two, or more halogen atoms in their structure. Under this category, we have,
1. Mono Haloalkane
Example: CH3-CH2-X
2. Dihaloalkane
Example: X-CH2-CH2-X
3. Trihaloalkane
Example: X-CH2-CHX-CH2-X
The classification depends on how the halogen atom is positioned on the chain of carbon atoms.
In this type of haloalkanes, the carbon which is bonded to the halogen family will be attached to only one other alkyl group. It doesn’t matter how much a bulky group is attached to it.
Some examples of primary haloalkanes are,
In this type of haloalkanes, the carbon atom, which is bonded with the halogen atom, is joined directly to the other two alkyl groups, which can be the same or different. Some examples are,
In this type of haloalkanes, the carbon atom which carries the halogen atom is directly bonded to three alkyl groups. This alkyl group may be a combination of the same or different. Some examples are,
Alkyl halides are colourless when they exist in pure form. But, bromides and iodides develop colour when exposed to light. Many volatile halogen compounds have a sweet smell.
Boiling and Melting Points
Density
Solubility
The chemical reaction of haloalkanes can be divided into three categories:
In this type of reaction, a nucleophile reacts with haloalkane, which has a partial positive charge on the carbon atom that is bonded to halogen. A substitution reaction takes place, and the halogen atom called leaving group leaves as the halide ion. Since the substitution reaction is initiated by a nucleophile, it is called a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
Example:
It is one of the most useful classes of organic reactions of an alkyl halide in which halogen is bonded to sp3 hybridized carbon.
When a haloalkane having a hydrogen atom is heated with an alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide, it will lead to the elimination of a hydrogen atom from the β-carbon atom and a halogen atom from the α-carbon atom. As a result, an alkene is formed as one of the products. Since the β-hydrogen atom is involved in elimination, it is often called a β-elimination reaction.
If there is any possibility of the formation of more than one alkene due to the presence of more than one β – hydrogen atom, usually one alkene is formed as the main product.
Most organic chlorides, bromides and iodides react with certain metals to give compounds containing carbon-metal bonds. Such compounds are known as organometallic compounds. The product is formed by the reaction of haloalkanes with magnesium metal in dry ether.
On the other hand, Grignard reagents tend to react actively and can react with any source of protons leading to the formation of hydrocarbons. It is, therefore, essential to avoid the Grignard reagent. Otherwise, this will be considered as one of the modifications to hydrocarbons.
Also Read: Preparation of Alkyl Halides
The meaning of HDA is Hetero Diels-Alder and other meanings are located at the bottom which take place within Chemistry terminology and HDA has 3 different. Dictionary of chemical components (ligands, small molecules and monomers) referred in PDB entries and maintained by the wwPDB. Hydroxy Decanoic Acid, Chemistry, HDA. Download scientific diagram | 2-Hexadecynoic (2-HDA) COIN activity.
