What is the formula of surface tension?

Surface tension (γ) has several mathematical definitions depending on the context:Primary formula:γ = F/Lwhere:- γ = surface tension (N/m)- F = force acting parallel to surface (N)- L = length over which force acts (m)Alternative definitions:γ = W/ΔAwhere:- W = work done to increase surface area (J)- ΔA = change in surface area (m²)For liquid rise in capillary tube:γ = (hρgr)/2cosθwhere:- h = height of liquid rise- ρ = liquid density- g = acceleration due to gravity- r = capillary tube radius- θ = contact angleSurface tension represents the energy required to increase a liquid's surface area by unit area, explaining phenomena like water droplets forming spheres.

The surface tension (T) of a liquid is defined as force per unit length or energy per unit area. The formula is: T = F / L Where: - T = Surface tension (N/m) - F = Force along the surface (Newton) - L = Length over which force acts (meter) It can also be expressed in terms of energy: T = E / A, where E is energy and A is area.