What is used to remove permanent hardness of water?
As someone who’s dealt with hard water stains forever, I can tell you removing permanent hardness is a game-changer. The main culprit is calcium and magnesium salts that won’t budge with boiling. The best fix? - Ion Exchange: A resin tank replaces those pesky ions with sodium. I got one installed, and my dishes are spotless now!- Chemical Precipitation: Stuff like sodium carbonate can bind the hardness ions and make them easy to filter out.Pro tip: If you’re on a budget, a small ion exchange unit is your best bet for home use. This blog explains it well: Water Softener Guide.
Hey there! As a chemistry enthusiast, let me explain permanent hardness of water and how to tackle it. Permanent hardness comes from dissolved calcium and magnesium sulfates or chlorides, which don’t go away by boiling (unlike temporary hardness). To remove it, you need specific methods:- Ion Exchange Process: This is the gold standard. Water is passed through a resin bed (like sodium zeolite), where calcium and magnesium ions are swapped for sodium ions, softening the water. It’s super effective for household and industrial use.- Reverse Osmosis: Less common for just hardness, but it works by filtering out all dissolved salts through a semi-permeable membrane.- Chemical Treatment: Adding washing soda (sodium carbonate) precipitates out calcium and magnesium as insoluble carbonates, which can then be filtered.I’ve seen ion exchange units in homes—they’re low-maintenance and reliable. For more on water treatment, this site’s got great info: Water Technology Guide.
Hi! I work in a water treatment facility, and permanent hardness is a common issue we deal with. It’s caused by calcium and magnesium salts that stick around even after boiling. Here’s what we use to fix it:- Ion Exchange Resins: These swap out the “hard” ions (calcium/magnesium) for sodium, leaving you with soft water. It’s what most water softeners in homes use.- Lime-Soda Process: For large-scale treatment, we add lime (calcium hydroxide) and soda ash to precipitate out the hardness-causing ions. It’s cost-effective for industries.For home use, I’d recommend a good ion exchange softener—it’s a one-time setup and works like a charm. Check out this resource for details: Pure Aqua on Water Softening.