Nadezhda Darrell
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Cyclobenzaprine (sold under the brand name Flexeril, among others) is a muscle relaxer used for muscle spasms from musculoskeletal conditions of sudden onset. It is not useful in cerebral palsy. It is taken by mouth. Use is not recommended for more than a few weeks.
Common side effects include headache, feeling tired, dizziness, and dry mouth. Serious side effects may include an irregular heartbeat. There is no evidence of harm in pregnancy, but it has not been well studied in this population. It must not be used with an MAO inhibitor. How it works is unclear.
Cyclobenzaprine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1977. It is available by prescription as a generic medication. In 2020, it was the 39th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 16 million prescriptions. It was not available in the United Kingdom as of 2012.
Cyclobenzaprine is used, in conjunction with physical therapy, to treat muscle spasms that occur because of acute musculoskeletal conditions. After sustaining an injury, muscle spasms occur to stabilize the affected body part, which may increase pain to prevent further damage. Cyclobenzaprine is used to treat such muscle spasms associated with acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions. It decreases pain in the first two weeks, peaking in the first few days, but has no proven benefit after two weeks. Since no benefit is proven beyond that, therapy should not be continued long-term. It is the best-studied muscle relaxer. It is not useful for spasticity due to neurologic conditions such as cerebral palsy.
A 2004 review found benefit for fibromyalgia symptoms, with a reported number needed to treat of 4.8 (meaning that 1 person out of every 4.8 benefits from treatment) for pain reduction, but no change in fatigue or tender points. A 2009 Cochrane review found insufficient evidence to justify its use in myofascial pain syndrome. It may also be used along with other treatments for tetanus.
Cyclobenzaprine results in increased rates of drowsiness (38%), dry mouth (24%), and dizziness (10%). Drowsiness and dry mouth appear to intensify with increasing dose. The sedative effects of cyclobenzaprine are likely due to its antagonistic effect on histamine, serotonin, and muscarinic receptors.
Agitation is a common side effect observed, especially in the elderly. Some experts believe that cyclobenzaprine should be avoided in elderly patients because it can cause confusion, delirium, and cognitive impairment. In general, the National Committee for Quality Assurance recommends avoiding the use of cyclobenzaprine in the elderly because of the potential for more severe side effects.
Dysphagia, a life-threatening side-effect, may rarely occur. Treatment protocols and support should follow the same as for any structurally related tricyclic, such as tricyclic antidepressants.
The most common effects of overdose are drowsiness and tachycardia. Rare but potentially critical complications are cardiac arrest, abnormal heart rhythms, severe low blood pressure, seizures, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Life-threatening overdose is rare, however, as the median lethal dose is about 338 milligrams/kilogram in mice and 425 mg/kg in rats. The potential harm is increased when central nervous system depressants and antidepressants are also used; deliberate overdose often includes other drugs.
Cyclobenzaprine has major contraindications with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). At least one study also found increased risk of serotonin syndrome when cyclobenzaprine was taken with the serotonergic drugs duloxetine or phenelzine.
These substances may interact with cyclobenzaprine:
Cyclobenzaprine may affect the medications used in surgical sedation and some surgeons request that patients temporarily discontinue its use prior to surgery.
Cyclobenzaprine is a centrally acting muscle relaxant. Cyclobenzaprine is a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist; it relieves muscle spasm through action on the central nervous system at the brain stem, rather than targeting the peripheral nervous system or muscles themselves.
Cyclobenzaprine has an oral bioavailability of about 55% and approximately 93% is bound to proteins in plasma. The half-life of the drug is 18 hours and it has a plasma clearance of 0.7 litres per minute.
Cyclobenzaprine has been found to be not inferior to tizanidine, orphenadrine, and carisoprodol in the treatment of acute lower back pain, although none have been proven to be effective for long-term use (beyond two weeks of treatment). No differences in pain or spasm scores were noted among these agents, nor when compared to benzodiazepines. However, nonbenzodiazepine (including cyclobenzaprine) treatment was found to have a lower risk of medication abuse and continuation of use against medical advice. Side effects such as sedation and ataxia are also less pronounced with nonbenzodiazepine antispasmodics.
In a study on the treatment of musculoskeletal pain treatment with cyclobenzaprine alone or in combination with ibuprofen, no significant differences in pain scores were noted among the three treatment groups. Peak benefit was found to occur on day seven of the treatment for all groups.
By mouth, cyclobenzaprine is marketed as Apo-Cyclobenzaprin, Fexmid, Flexeril and Novo-Cycloprine. It is available in generic form. A once-a-day, extended-release formulation, Amrix, is available. Cyclobenzaprine is also used by compounding pharmacies in topical creams.
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Your best bet if you want to get a Ominous Banner is to go to a Pillager Outpost.
Once there you can find Ominous Banners hanging from the building.
And you can also find Raid leaders (with an Ominous Banner on their shoulders) watching over the area.
If you kill Raid leaders, they will drop the Ominous Banner.
Pillager Outposts spawn close to Villages, so if you are in a Village you can take a look around. Pillagers Outposts are quite tall buildings, so it won’t be difficult to spot them from far away.
Once you’ll enter the Outpost, all the Pillagers will start attacking you with their deadly Crossbows and Axes. So be sure to go there ready to fight.
Be aware that killing a Raid leader will cause you to get the Bad Omen. It is a status effect that will trigger a Raid as soon as you enter a Village: Pillagers will begin invading the Village and attacking Villagers.
It’s not a big deal though, you can easily get rid of the Bad Omen effect by either drinking Milk or dying… well, maybe don’t go for the second option it if you play on Hardcorde mode. To get Milk you will need to right-click on a Cow while holding on your hand a Bucket.
By the way, did you know that you can also tame Pillagers? You can check the following video on the topic.
The Ominous Banner is the only banner type that you can’t craft in Minecraft. So technically you can’t craft it.
But you can still craft a fake Ominous Banner, that will look exactly like the real one. We will start by crafting a regular White Banner.
To craft a White Banner you will need a Sticks and 6 blocks of Wool (related topic: All the White blocks in Minecraft) and place them in a Crafting Table as follows:
Then you will need to start “painting” the Banner with the help of a Loom, a block that lets you specifically decorate Banners. You will need a lot of Dye: 2 Black Dye, 1 Gray Dye, 1 Cyan Dye and 3 Light Gray Dye. To find out how to gather all these different colors of Dye and how to craft a Loom, go down below to the last section of this article.
Once you gathered all the Dyes, a White Banner and a Loom, you will need to put the following patterns (in the exact same order) on the Banner:
You probably noticed that in the last screenshot the Banner doesn’t have blue eyes. That’s because in the Java version you can only put up to 6 patterns on a Banner. Since these screenshot were taken while playing the Java version, it was necessary to skip the Cyan pattern to complete the Banner.
If you are playing on Bedrock edition, you can put all the 7 patterns on a Banner. If you are playing on the Java version you can either skip the Cyan pattern or the last pattern, which is the black border. OR you can go to the next section of the article.
In the following screenshot you can see how these two options (one without the cyan pattern, one without the black border) look next to the real Ominous Banner.
First of all, keep in mind that on the Java version you can’t get the Ominous Banner even in Creative mode. Also, if you use commands you will still be able to get only the “fake” version. So, if you want to get a fake Ominous Banner through cheats, you have to open the commands and type:
/give @p white_banner{BlockEntityTag:{Patterns:[{Pattern:”mr”,Color:9},{Pattern:”bs”,Color:8},{Pattern:”cs”,Color:7},{Pattern:”bo”,Color:8},{Pattern:”ms”,Color:15},{Pattern:”hh”,Color:8},{Pattern:”mc”,Color:8},{Pattern:”bo”,Color:15}]}} 1
An Ominous or Illager Banner is just a reward and it has limited use. The only thing that you can do with it, other than just place it as it is, is to place it on a Shield. Note that you can’t make custom Shields on the Bedrock edition.
To craft a Shield you will need one Iron Ingot and 6 Wooden Planks. Then follow this crafting recipe:
Then you will just need to put both the Shield and the Banner in a Crafting Table.
To get Black Dye you will need Ink Sacks, that you get as loot when you kill Squids.
To get Gray Dye you need to put together a Black Dye and a White Dye (that you obtain from Bone Meal) in the Crafting Table:
If you put another White Dye in, you can craft Light Gray Dye:
To get Cyan Dye you will need both Blue and Green Dye. You can get Blue Dye from Lapis Lazuli, a mineral that you can mine deep down underground.
To obtain Green Dye you need to smelt a Cactus, that you can find in Desert biomes.
To craft a Loom you will need 2 Wooden Planks and 2 Strings, which you can get as loot by killing Spiders:
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Wash your hands with soap and water for 15 seconds · Empty the large drainage bag · Place a towel under the connection between the catheter and
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