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SDG11 targets the development of inclusive, sustainable, and resilient urban environments. This includes access to adequate and affordable housing, transport, and other basic services, improving air quality and waste management, and limiting the impact of natural disasters, particularly on the most vulnerable.

By 2030, 60% of the world’s population is expected to live in cities, while cities already account for 60% of global GDP. They are also hubs of creativity, culture, commerce, knowledge, productivity, social mobility, and more. But urbanisation also brings challenges. Although cities occupy only 3% of the Earth’s land, they use 60%-80% of the world’s energy and are responsible for 70% of the world’s carbon emissions.

Waste disposal is also an ongoing issue, with two billion people lacking access to waste collection services and three billion to controlled waste disposal facilities. Meanwhile, in 2016, 90% of urban dwellers were still exposed to air that did not meet the World Health Organization’s air quality guidelines for particulate matter. In addition, the speed of urban migration in search of employment has led to many being forced to live in inappropriate dwelling: 1 billion people live in slums and this number is rising.

Many cities are also vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and natural disasters. Building resilient cities is therefore key to social and economic development.

The cement and concrete sector lies (literally) at the foundation of modern cities. From the buildings that define the urban skyline, to the everyday services that enable city living, urbanisation would not be possible without concrete. Concrete is therefore at the heart of efforts to improve the sustainability and resilience of the urban environment: concrete can, for example, reduce urban heat island effect (vs other dark materials and coatings) and absorb CO2 (for more, see our list of 20 sustainability values of concrete for buildings and communities). It is also fundamental to the provision of resilient affordable housing for vulnerable urban communities (SDG11.1).

Importantly, concrete is also better able to survive climate-related and natural disasters than other building materials (SDG11.b), providing crucial resilience to critical infrastructure – from water and sanitation to housing and transportation – and the urban communities that rely on it. Strong transportation links are also a key element in achieving SDG11.a, which calls for the development of positive economic, social, and environmental links between urban, peri-urban, and rural areas.

In an increasing number of locations, the cement and concrete sector is supporting the sustainable management of municipal waste through co-processing refuse-derived fuels in the cement kiln (a process that also reduces the carbon intensity of cement and is a key strategy in the production of carbon-neutral concrete). The industry also acknowledges the potential impact of its activities on urban air quality and has long taken action to mitigate this. As part of the GCCA Sustainability Charter, GCCA members are committed to reducing airborne emissions and monitoring and reporting their performance against key performance indicators on an annual basis.

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• Locate your pulse. Locate your pulse by lightly pressing your index and middle fingers slightly to the inside center of the bend of your elbow (where the brachial artery is).
• Secure the cuff.
• Inflate and deflate the cuff.
• Record your blood pressure.

The non-descent vaginal hysterectomy is when the uterus is removed from the woman's body through the vagina.

A hysterectomy is a big operation.

When women don't want more children and medical and non- surgical treatments don't help, a hysterectomy is recommended.

What are the different types of hysterectomy?

There are three different types of hysterectomy.

The doctor said that a hysterectomy can be done in three ways.

In an open abdominal hysterectomy, the reproductive organs are removed through a large incision on the abdomen.

Laparoscopic instruments are used to remove the uterus through small incisions.

In the case of uterus descending into the vagina, a vaginal hysterectomy is usually done.

Usha asked if a hysterectomy vaginal leave scars.

A non-descent vaginal hysterectomy is a type of vaginal hysterectomy that can be done in the case of a non-prolapsed uterus. The uterus is removed through the vagina, so there are no visible scars.

It is for this reason that scarless hysterectomy or scarless surgery is sometimes referred to asNDVH.

Vaginal hysterectomy is the best way to remove the uterus because it is done through a natural opening and there are no cuts or incisions. Laparoscopic route is preferred when the vaginal route is not technically possible as it involves small incisions on the abdomen.

If the uterus is large or if there is suspicion of malignancy, an open surgery is usually the best option.

In case of this procedure, your gynecologist may suggest it.

A non-descent vaginal hysterectomy requires skill, expertise and experience to remove the uterus through the vagina.

Before she considered the procedure, Usha wanted to know the pros and cons.

A common procedure in gynaecology is the ndvh, which is painless and easy to do.

The benefits of NDVH are listed below.

Usha wanted to know how long it would take for her to return to her desk job.

You will have to stay in the hospital for a couple of days. You will be able to go back home after you're out of the hospital.

You can walk or climb stairs again.

Any other surgery can have risks of bleeding or infections.

You should have no reason to worry, in the hands of a gynecologist.

Usha wanted to know if there were any instructions to follow while getting ready for the procedure.

• Green leafy vegetables including collard and turnip greens, kale, spinach, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, lettuces.
• Soybean and canola oil.
• Salad dressings made with soybean or canola oil.
• Fortified meal replacement shakes.