Anne Veena

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Guide Pdf Chapter 1 Historical Background of Commerce in the Sub-Continent Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

I. Choose the Correct Answer

Question 1. The place where the goods are sold is ……………… a) Angadi b) Market . c) Nalangadi d) Allangadi Answer: a) Angadi

Question 2. Hindrance of place is removed by ………………………. a) Transport b) Warehouse c) Salesman d) Insurance Answer: a) Transport

Question 3. Who wrote “Arthasasthra”? a) Kautilya b) Chanakiya c) Thiruvalluvar d) Elangovadiga Answer: a) Kautilya

Question 4. Trade and Commerce was common to …………………….. Dynasty. a) pallava b) Chola c) Panidya d) Chera Answer: c) Panidya

Question 5. …………………….. was first sultan who paved way in the dense forest and helped traders to move from one market place to others place for their commercial caravans. a) Balban b) Vascoda Gama c) Akbar d) Alauddin Khilij Answer: a) Balban

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1. What is meant by the Barter system? Answer: Goods were exchanged for goods prior to the invention of money.

Question 2. What is meant by Nallangadi? Answer: According to St.Poet Ilango, in Silapathigaram, a Day Market was called Nalangadi.

Question 3. What is meant by Allangadi? Answer: The night market was called Allangadi according to Saint Poet Ilango in Silapathigaram, Madurai-Kanchi.

III. Short Answer Questions

Question 1. Explain the meaning of the term “Vanigam”. Answer: The word vaniyam or vanipam would have had a Dravidian origin. The early Tamils produced their products and goods in their lands and bartered their surplus and that is how the trade came into existence. The word ‘Vanigam is used in Sangam literature like Purananuru and Thirukkural.

Question 2. State the meaning of Maruvurapakkam and Pattinapakkam. Answer: Big cities like Poompuhar had the ‘Maruvurappakam’ (inland town) and ‘Pattinapakkam’ (coastal town), had markets and bazaars where many merchants met one another for the purpose of selling or buying different kinds of commodities and foodstuff.

Question 3. What is the role of Sangam in trade development of ancient Tamilnadu? Answer: Trade in Sangam period was both internal and external. It was conducted by means of barter (Pandamattru). Honey, roots, fruits, cattle and paddy served as a medium of exchange for certain period. Sangam work refers to great traders, their caravans, their security force, markets, marts and guilds of such traders. There was dependence and interdependence among the people in matters of trade and commerce. Coins were used later for the purpose of exchange of goods.

Question 4. What are the ports developed by Pandiya kingdom? Answer: Port towns like Tondi, Korkai, Puhar, and Muziri were always seen as busy with marts and markets with activities related to imports and exports. In such a brisk trade, people of the coastal region engaged themselves in coastal trade and developed their intercontinental trade contacts.

Question 5. What was focused in Arthasasthra about creation of wealth? Answer: Kautilya’s Arthasasthra describes the economy in Mauriyan time. Kautilya gave importance to the state in relation to treasury, taxation,  industry, commerce, agriculture, and conservation of natural resources. Arthasastra focused on the creation of wealth as the means to promote the well-being of the state. It advocated the maintenance of a perfect balance between the state government and people’s welfare through trading activities.

IV. Long Answer Questions

Question 1. What are the hindrances of business? Answer: Hindrances of business:

Question 2. State the constraints in the barter system. Answer: The barter system visualises mutual exchange of one’s goods to another without the intervention of money as a medium of exchange. It imposes certain constraints in the smooth flow of trade as given below.

Question 3. Explain the development of Commerce and Trade in North India. Answer: India was prosperous even during the medieval period from the 12th to 16th centuries despite political upheavals. Balban was the first sultan who paved the way in the dense forest and helped traders and their commercial caravans to move from one marketplace to another. Allauddin Khilji brought the price to a very low ebb. He encouraged the import of foreign goods from Persia and subsidized the goods.

Arabs were dominant players in India’s foreign trade. They never discouraged Indian traders like Tamils, Gujaratis, etc. The trade between the coastal ports was in the hands and Marwaris and Gujaratis, The overland trade with central and west Asia was in the hands of Multanis who were Hindus, and Khurasanis who were Afghans, Iranians, and so on.

Question 4. Briefly explain the coastal trade in ancient Tamilnadu. Answer: People of the coastal region engaged themselves in coastal trade and developed their intercontinental trade contacts. Big cities like Poompuhar had ‘Maruvurappakkam’(inland town) and ‘Pattinapakkam’(coastal Town), had markets and bazaars where many merchants met one another for the purpose of selling or buying different commodities and foodstuff. Port towns like Tondi, Korkai, Puhar, and Muziri were involved in imports and exports.

People were engaged in different kinds of fishing pearls, and conches and produced salts, and built ships. Boats like ‘Padagu’,’Thimil’,’Thoni’,’Ambu’, ‘Odampunai’ etc. were used to cross rivers for domestic trade while Kalam, Marakalam, Vangam, Navaietc were used for crossing oceans for foreign trade.

Question 5. What do you know about the overseas trading partners of ancient Tamilnadu? Answer: Foreigners who transacted business were known as Yavanars. Arabs who traded with Tamil were called ‘Jonagar’. Pattinappalai praised Kaveripumpattinam as a city where various foreigners of high civilization speaking different languages assembled to transact business with the support of the then Kingdom.

Many ports were developed during the Sangam period. Kaveripumpattinam was the chief port of the Kingdom of Cholas while Nagapattinam, Marakannam, Arikamedu, etc., were other small ports on the east coast. Similarly, Pandiyas developed Korkai, Saliyur, Kayal, Marungaurpattinam, and Kumari for foreign trade. The State Governments installed check posts to collect customs along the highways and the ports.

I Choose the correct answer

Question 1. …………….. is part and parcel of human life. (a) Commerce (b) Banking (c) Insurance (d) Warehousing Answer: (a) Commerce

Question 2. Most of the inland trade in the Sangam period was done in, ………………………………. as a medium of exchange under barter mode. a) Salt b) Coin c) Milk d) Gold Answer: a) Salt

Question 3. Commerce activities are heading for a cashless system through …………….. (a) e-commerce (b) banking (c) insurance (d) warehousing Answer: (a) e-commerce

Question 4. The night market was called………………………….. a) Nalangadi b) Angadi c) Iravu Santhai d) Allangadi Answer: d) Allangadi

Question 5. Day market was called as …………….. (a) Nalangadi (b) Angadi (c) Business (d) Trade Answer: (a) Nalangadi

Question 6. Foreigners who transacted business were known as ……………….. a) Jonagar b) Sellers c) Yavanars d) Merchants Answer: c) Yavanars

Question 7. Which is called a sleepless city? (a) Chennai (a) Allangadi (c) Tuticorin (d) Salem Answer: (a) Allangadi

Question 8. ………………………………. was the first sultan who paved in the dense forest and helped traders. a) AlauddinKhilji b) Balban c) Suleiman I d) Abdulaziz I Answer: c) Suleiman I

Question 9. Boats like …………….. were used for crossing oceans for foreign trade. (a) Vangam (b) Thimil (c) Ambu (d) Thoni Answer: (a) Vangam

Question 10. The hindrance of the place is removed by means of ………………. a) Warehouse b) Transport c) Exchange of money d) Insurance Answer: b) Transport

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1. What is the cashless system? Answer: Commerce activities are heading for a cashless system through e-commerce which means business activities enabled through electronic modes like Online trading, Mobile banking, and e-marketing.

Question 2. What do you mean by “Angadi”? Answer: The place where the goods were sold was called “ Angadi”.

Question 3. Which city was called sleepless city? Answer: Madurai was called a sleepless city due to round-the-clock business activities.

Question 4. What was advocated by Kautilya in Arthasasthra with regard to trade? Answer: In Arthasasthra Kautilya advocated the maintenance of perfect balance between State management and people’s welfare through trading activities.

Question 5. What type of boats were used to cross oceans for foreign trade? Answer: Boats like ‘Kalam’, ‘Marakalam’, ‘Vangam’, ‘Navai’, etc., were used for crossing oceans for foreign trade.

Question 6. Which are all considered the important trade centres in the 16th century? Answer: In 16th Century Delhi, Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Sonar, Sonargoon. Jaunpur and Lahore were considered as important trade centres.

Question 7. What was the role of the state in trade? Answer: The role of the state in trade related to two aspects namely adequate infrastructure to sustain the trade and administrative machinery for taxation.

Question 8. With whom Cholas had a strong trading relationship? Answer: Cholas had a strong trading relationship with the Chinese Song Dynasty.

III. Short Answer Questions

Question 1. How has the commerce activities emerged how? Answer: The whole of commerce activity has emerged from the barter system into a multi-dimensional and multifaceted scientific system consisting of courses like Monetary system, Mail order business, Hire purchase system, Instalment purchase system and so on.

Question 2. What are all the conditions under Barter System worked on? Answer:

IV. Long Answer Questions

Question 1. How did the ancient Tamil country trade with Rome, China, and Europe? Answer: Roman and Greek traders frequented the ancient Tamil country and forged trade relationships with ancient Kings of Pandiya, Chola, and Chera dynasties. Cholas had a strong trading relationship with the Chinese Song Dynasty. The Cholas conquered the Sri Vijaya Empire of Indonesia and Malaysia to secure a sea trading route to China. During the 16th and 18th centuries, India’s overseas trade expanded due to trading with European companies. The discovery of new all sea routes from Europe to India via the Cape of Good Hope by Vasco da Gama had a far-reaching impact on the civilized world. The arrival of the Portuguese in India was followed by the advent of other European communities. They gained a strong foothold in India’s maritime trade by virtue of their strong naval power.

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