Siân Walbrook

The mitochondria are often called the “powerhouse of the cell” because they generate most of the cell’s supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the molecule that provides energy for nearly all cellular processes. Here’s how it works: - Inside mitochondria, food molecules (like glucose and fatty acids) are broken down during a process called cellular respiration. - This involves stages such as glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. - The end result is the production of ATP, which stores energy in chemical bonds. - Whenever the cell needs energy — for muscle contraction, nerve signaling, or protein synthesis — ATP is broken down to release energy. Without mitochondria, complex organisms like us couldn’t survive, because ATP powers every biological activity. For example: - In muscles, mitochondria supply the energy needed for movement. - In the brain, they fuel nerve impulses and communication. - In the liver, mitochondria help detoxify compounds and regulate metabolism. Interestingly, mitochondria have their own DNA and are believed to have originated from bacteria through a process called endosymbiosis. This unique origin gives them a degree of independence compared to other cell organelles. While “powerhouse” is a metaphor, it’s accurate because mitochondria essentially act as the energy factories of life. Without their continuous production of ATP, cells would shut down within seconds. For a more detailed breakdown of how mitochondria generate ATP, you can check this biology resource on Khan Academy. In summary: Mitochondria earn the title “powerhouse of the cell” because they are the main source of ATP — the universal energy currency that powers everything cells do.

Ahmedabad, being one of the largest cities in Gujarat, has a wide variety of transport services for both personal and business needs. The “best” service really depends on whether you’re looking for daily commuting, goods transportation, or long-distance travel. Here are some top options people usually recommend: - City commuting: The Ahmedabad BRTS (Bus Rapid Transit System) is affordable, reliable, and covers most major parts of the city. For flexible rides, app-based cabs like Ola and Uber are widely available. Auto-rickshaws are also common for short distances. - Goods transport: If you’re a business owner needing logistics, services like VRL Logistics, Gati, and Agarwal Packers & Movers are reliable. For local deliveries, smaller trucking companies and tempo services can be booked on apps like Porter. - Intercity travel: Ahmedabad is well connected to cities like Mumbai, Surat, and Udaipur. Private bus operators such as Patel Travels and Neeta Tours offer comfortable journeys. Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation (GSRTC) buses are also affordable and punctual. - Rail and air: The Ahmedabad Junction railway station and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport make it easy to connect to the rest of India. If you want a professional goods transport service in Ahmedabad, you might want to explore listings on Justdial Ahmedabad Transport Services. Tip: For local household shifting or small consignments, always check whether the service provider offers insurance. For daily commuting, a combination of BRTS and ride-hailing apps is often the most efficient and cost-effective choice.

Civil law and criminal law are two major branches of law, but they serve very different purposes. Understanding the distinction helps in knowing how legal systems handle disputes and wrongdoing. ### Civil Law - Definition: Civil law deals with disputes between individuals, organizations, or both. - Purpose: To resolve disagreements and provide compensation rather than punishment. - Examples: Property disputes, breach of contract, divorce cases, landlord-tenant issues, consumer complaints. - Outcome: Usually results in one party paying damages or fulfilling an obligation. No one goes to jail in civil cases (unless they disobey court orders). ### Criminal Law - Definition: Criminal law deals with offenses against the state or society as a whole, even if the victim is an individual. - Purpose: To maintain law and order by punishing offenders. - Examples: Theft, murder, assault, fraud, drug trafficking. - Outcome: If found guilty, the accused may face imprisonment, fines, or even capital punishment depending on the severity of the crime. Key difference: Civil law focuses on rights and responsibilities between individuals, while criminal law focuses on offenses against society. For instance: - If someone damages your property, you can file a civil case to recover costs. - If someone commits theft, it becomes a criminal case where the state prosecutes the offender. For a more detailed explanation, you can check this overview from Legal Service India. In summary: Civil law is about resolving disputes and compensating victims, whereas criminal law is about punishing wrongdoing and protecting society.

Your UAN (Universal Account Number) is an identification number issued by the Employees' Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) to employees in India. If your UAN is showing as not active, there are several possible reasons for it. Here are the most common causes: - UAN not activated online: Even though your employer might have generated your UAN, you need to activate it yourself on the EPFO member portal. Without activation, you cannot access your account details. - Mismatch in personal details: If your Aadhaar, PAN, or date of birth doesn’t match EPFO records, activation will fail. - UAN not linked with KYC: Your UAN may not be active if KYC documents like Aadhaar, PAN, and bank details aren’t updated. - Multiple UANs issued: Sometimes employees end up with more than one UAN due to job changes. In that case, EPFO deactivates the older UAN, and only the latest remains active. - Technical issues at EPFO: Occasionally, the UAN portal experiences downtime, and users can’t activate or log in. Steps to fix the issue: 1. Go to the EPFO Member Portal. 2. Use the “Activate UAN” option and enter your UAN, Aadhaar, or PAN details along with your registered mobile number. 3. If details mismatch, ask your employer to correct them in the EPFO system. 4. Ensure that KYC is updated and verified. 5. If you have multiple UANs, raise a request to merge them through your employer or EPFO office. Tip: Always keep your mobile number linked to Aadhaar active, since OTP verification is necessary for UAN services. So, your UAN is most likely not active because it hasn’t been activated on the portal or there’s a data mismatch. Once corrected, you’ll be able to check PF balance, transfer accounts, and withdraw funds seamlessly.