Why is mitochondria known as powerhouse of the cell?

The mitochondria are often called the “powerhouse of the cell” because they generate most of the cell’s supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the molecule that provides energy for nearly all cellular processes. Here’s how it works: - Inside mitochondria, food molecules (like glucose and fatty acids) are broken down during a process called cellular respiration. - This involves stages such as glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. - The end result is the production of ATP, which stores energy in chemical bonds. - Whenever the cell needs energy — for muscle contraction, nerve signaling, or protein synthesis — ATP is broken down to release energy. Without mitochondria, complex organisms like us couldn’t survive, because ATP powers every biological activity. For example: - In muscles, mitochondria supply the energy needed for movement. - In the brain, they fuel nerve impulses and communication. - In the liver, mitochondria help detoxify compounds and regulate metabolism. Interestingly, mitochondria have their own DNA and are believed to have originated from bacteria through a process called endosymbiosis. This unique origin gives them a degree of independence compared to other cell organelles. While “powerhouse” is a metaphor, it’s accurate because mitochondria essentially act as the energy factories of life. Without their continuous production of ATP, cells would shut down within seconds. For a more detailed breakdown of how mitochondria generate ATP, you can check this biology resource on Khan Academy. In summary: Mitochondria earn the title “powerhouse of the cell” because they are the main source of ATP — the universal energy currency that powers everything cells do.