What is magma made up of?

If the magma rises towards the surface, it will form intrusive rocks, but if it falls inside, it will form molten rocks. When it cools, it forms volcanic or effusive rocks, which are terms in disuse.

The most common types of magma are basaltic, andesitic, and granitic.

According to its mineral composition, magma can be classified into two groups: mafic and felsic. The felsic and mafic magmas have similar contents of magnesium and iron.

The composition of magmas can vary depending on several processes.

The temperature at which the rich in silica begin to form varies between 700 and 900 C, while the poor start to form between 1,200 and 1,300 C.

The solidus point is the temperature at which a rock begins to melt, and the liquidus point is the temperature at which fusion is complete.

Water and a decrease in pressure can lower the solidus and liquidus points of a rock, facilitating the formation of magmas without increasing the temperature

Due to the effect of hot spots, 80% of the magmatism occurs at the constructive edges of the plates.

There have been at least three magmatic super events in the history of the planet. The oldest and most intense is in the Neoarchaic, followed by another 1,900 Ma in the Orosirian and the third 1,200 Ma on the ectasic-sthenic limit.

In each of them, large basaltic plateaus would have formed, which would have contributed to the increase of the continental mass.

To explain these superevents, some authors, such as the tectonicist Kent Condie in 1998, have proposed that the mechanism would have been produced by gigantic gravitational avalanches of material from the upper mantle and crust, which would fall from the upper mantle boundary. with the lower one (670 km deep) to the very limit of the outer core (about 2,900 km from the surface), crossing the entire lower mantle (about 2,230 km thick). As a result, many disturbances would form in the form of mantle that would give rise to the magmatism.

The 888-269-5556 888-269-5556s of the mantle would be the result of the physical changes of the fragments of the mantle that have been subducted up to 700 km deep. The mass of lithosphere that has subducted, up to 100 km thick and colder than the mantle that surrounds it, may take several million years to reach the temperature that facilitates, together with the greater pressure of these levels, the densification of the minerals that compose it (transition from peridotites to eclogites). The collapse of the core would occur when the density of the subducted mass becomes unstable.

Each repetition of the cycle would be less intense than the previous one, since each event involves a significant loss of heat in the mantle. This mechanism could explain the magmatism peaks from the end of the Paleozoic, about 300 Ma, and from the middle Cretaceous, about 100 Ma.

The cooling of the magma resulted in the formation of the igneous rocks. The rocks can be coarse or fine.

The place of cooling and crystallization affects the division of the rocks.

The original magma is divided into:

Magma is molten rock that when cooled forms igneous rock. Being composed of minerals, most magmas are composed of three important parts or different components.

The liquid part is called melt.

Of the 8 most important elements in the earth's crust are composed of mobile ion. The chemical components are made up of oxygen and silicon, with some elements such as calcium and potassium.

The silicate minerals are in the magma. As the magma cools, they become those that have completely crystallized from the melt. The materials that form a gas are called volatiles, they have the function of evaporating completely.

There are studies on the waves. The earth's crust and mantle are made of mostly solid rocks, which are not molten, so they are characterized by their peculiar formation. It is rich in iron because of its density, which makes it deep in the earth.

Most magmas start when the solid rocks in the upper mantle melt. This is a more obvious form of magma formation, when a solid rock raises its temperature above its melting point.

If the only reason rocks melt is temperature, planet earth would be covered in molten rock and a solid one. Since the pressure increases with depth, melting occurs at higher temperatures. This is due to the higher pressure.

It is important for the chemical composition of magmas since they are classified based on their silica content. The rocks that are made up of this chemical component are rich in both stax and smill, while those that are not have any of them.

Felsic minerals are found in felsic magmas that have a high content of this chemical component. It has low components such as Ca and Fe, and high components such as Na and K.

Those with low silica content are rich in Fe and Ca. They are called mafic and ultramafic magmas.

Depending on the composition of the chemical, magma can be classified into two categories: high and low.

These are categorized into the following:

Beneath the earth's crust there is a large and deep region made up of molten materials that make up magma, which is sometimes projected outward with great intensity through volcanoes.

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The name magma comes from the fusion of silicates that contain gases and dispersed solid minerals and other compounds that make up the rocks found at temperatures between 700 and 1200oC.

When it is inside the earth, it is called magma and lava.

Due to the conditions to which they are subjected (high pressures and high temperatures), magmatic materials show properties that do not correspond to those of the solid state and neither do they correspond to those of a liquid or fluid state, according to the general principles of physics, so in A magma can be distinguished three phases: There is a person The molten phase contains mostly SiO4 and AlO5 as well as metal ion.

There is a person The gas phase is when gases are contained under pressure. Minor amounts of O2, HCl, Hf, S, SO2N2, Ar, and H2BO3 are included in the water vapor. There is a person

The solid phase is formed by minerals that have already crystallised at the temperature at which magma is found or remains of unmelted rock.

There are different types of rocks in suspension in the magma, as well as carbonates, sulfides, and different dissolved volatile components. The characteristics of the magma are determined by the interaction of the various physical conditions.

There are three systems that can produce magma on the planet. There is a person

The temperature is rising. By the amount of radioactive elements or the amount of plates. There is a

The pressure dropped. The melting point is lowered. There is a person The addition of water.

If the rock contains water, it will melt sooner.

A rock is made up of a set of minerals, each of which has a characteristic melting point, so a rock does not have a single melting point but a temperature range in which the rock is melting in parts. Between the point at which a solid rock begins to melt and the end of that melting, the rock is partially molten.

The different types of magmas are classified based on their silica content. Those with less than 60% of anhydride are called basic, while those with more than 60% are called acids.

The initial temperature of an intrusion is controlled by the composition of the basic magmas, which are dark and hotter than acid or felsic.

Depending on the state of the gas they contain, the following can be distinguished: hypomagma or deep magma, is not saturated with gases because these are in solution because the external pressure is higher than the vapor pressure of the magma; the pyromagma, which is supersaturated with gases, since they constitute a phase in the form of bubbles because the external pressure is lower than the vapor pressure; and the epimagma or degassed magma, of which only molten minerals are a part (the gases escape from the rest of the magma due to the low external pressure).

When the epimagma is projected to the outside through the weakest points of the earth's crust, the magma masses give rise to volcanoes and form, by cooling, magmatic rocks, also called igneous or eruptive rocks, whose degree of crystallization is variable, and between where granite, basalt or porphyry are found.

The rise of magmas depends on the physical-chemical conditions of the region where they are found and on the rocks that they have to cross. Acid magmas are light and easy to form large deposits.

The basic magmas are more difficult to rise from than the previous ones.

Most of the magmas are housed in a shallow magma chamber where they undergo a series of processes that change their composition. Primary and secondary magmas are formed by fusion of the rocks of the earth's crust or mantle and they are both called primary magmas.

The process of fractional crystallization occurs when a magma cools and begins to form in it, beginning with those of the minerals that have higher melting points.

The melting interval is what magmas are made of, not a defined melting point. One can't speak of crystallization temperature, but of its interval. There is a

magmatic crystallization is a process of crystallization. Magma originates when in a place in the crust or upper mantle the temperature reaches a point at which the minerals with the lowest melting point begin to melt (start of partial melting of the rocks), however, the melting temperature It does not depend only on the type of rock, but also on other factors such as the pressure at which it is found or the presence or absence of water.

The melting temperature of the rocks tends to increase with depth because of the increase in pressure. The melting point is lowered by the presence of water.

The magma rises because it is less dense than the rocks surrounding it. During the ascent, it cools and begins to crystallize, forming minerals of increasingly lower temperature, according to a fixed and ordered sequence known as the Bowen crystallization series, which refers to two large lines of crystallization, one of which indicates the order in which silicates rich in iron and magnesium (called ferromagnesians) are formed, also known as a discontinuous series because the crystals formed are replaced by others with a different and more complex structure as the temperature drops, and the other crystallization series is that of Plagioclase is called a continuum because the minerals formed successively have the same structure and only the relative proportion of sodium and calcium changes. At the end of crystallization, along with the plagioclase and micas, are formed.

The word MINERALS is used.

Magmatic differentiation is when magma can melt portions of the enclosing rock and change its composition. Sometimes, as the crystallization of a magma occurs, if the difference in density between the already formed minerals and the residual liquid is high and if the viscosity of the latter is low, the newly formed crystals can be isolated from the rest of the magma, which will therefore be progressively enriched in silica, if the process continues, a series of igneous rocks of different composition will be obtained from a single magma, by fractional crystallization this process is called magmatic differentiation, and can cause formation of acid rocks from basic or intermediate magmas.

The mixture of two magmas of different origins can also occur, as occurs more often, of an already differentiated magma and a primary magma from the same source.

The phases of magmatic crystallization.

The cooling of a magma inside the crust gives rise to a series of successive phases of crystallization at lower temperatures. The orthomagmatic phase occurs above 700 C, depending on the composition of the rest of the physical conditions. Most of the magma forms rocks.

The pegmatite phase takes place between 700 and 550 oC and is enriched in volatiles, which is why it is introduced through cracks where it comes from. The minerals that are formed are rich in silicates, such as albite, and in elements such as boron and fluorine.

In the third phase, called pneumatolytic, which takes place between approximately 550 and 375 °C, the crystallization residue is basically made up of volatiles, which penetrate the casing rocks and give rise to veins formed by minerals such as muscovite, quartz , topaz, metal oxides and sulfides, etc. Likewise, the volatiles act on the minerals of the igneous rocks or of the casing, transforming them.

The circumstances that allow solid rock to melt within the upper mantle and crust are created by some major geophysics.

The mechanism for the phenomenon of currents within the Earth's mantle is proposed. The boundary of the mantle can be reached by a heat exchange between the outer core and the lower mantle. It spreads out like a mushroom cap when it reaches the base of the lithoosphere.

This is also true for any material that rises between currents, such as mantle material below plate boundaries. The heat rising from the Earth's interior is enough to melt rock.

The Earth's interior has a temperature gradient and a pressure gradient that increases with depth. As the material increases, it experiences a decrease in pressure. The pressure within the Earth's mantle is high enough to keep mantle material compressed into a solid.

As this material slowly rises, the decrease in pressure at the base of the lithosphere or below the mid-ocean ridges allows the particles that make up the mantle material to spread out due to their kinetic energy, or heat, resulting in As a result, the mantle material melts due to this decompression process.

Magma created in the upper mantle can accumulate in large magma chambers and form hotspot volcanoes as it rises to the surface through the Earth's crust. Magma that forms through the movement of material rising from the ocean can reach the surface and contribute to the formation of the mid-ocean ridges and rifts.