How to cite guidelines nlm?

An author should never cite a source that they have not seen. When citing, be sure to refer to the version of the document that you saw. For example, do not cite a journal article you read online as a journal article in print.

Authors

Across all source types, be sure to list authors in the order that they appear in the text and be sure to include all authors.

Journal Abbreviations

Use PubMed journal abbreviations. You can look up PubMed abbreviations in the NLM Catalog. If a journal abbreviation is not included in PubMed, follow abbreviation rules for journal abbreviation in Citing Medicine.

An author should never cite a source that they have not seen. When citing, be sure to refer to the version of the document that you saw. For example, do not cite a journal article you read online as a journal article in print.

Authors

Across all source types, be sure to list authors in the order that they appear in the text and be sure to include all authors.

Journal Abbreviations

Use PubMed journal abbreviations. You can look up PubMed abbreviations in the NLM Catalog. If a journal abbreviation is not included in PubMed, follow abbreviation rules for journal abbreviation in Citing Medicine.

• Capitalize only the first word of the title, proper nouns, proper adjectives, acronyms and initialisms.
• Cite the journal name as it was published at the time.
• Use PubMed journal abbreviations by searching the NLM Catalog.
• Include the year, month and day of a publication (e.g. 2012 Nov 24)

Journal Article:

Format: Author(s). Article title. Journal Title. Publication Date; volume(issue):page numbers.

Buckley PT. Health coaching good for your patients and your practice. How to cater to a growing segment of patients who want partners in their quest for health. Med Econ. 2010 Nov 19;87(22):60-1, 68-70.

Journal Article with more than 3 Authors:

Format: First 3 authors, et al. Article title. Journal Title. Publication Date; volume(issue):page numbers.

Amaral E, Zeferino A, Nadruz W, et al. Successful accomplishment of educational goals with clinical experience at public primary care facilities.Med Teach. 2007 Sep;29(6):600-5.

Book:

Format: Author(s). Book title. Place of publication: Publisher; year of publication. Total # of pages.

Jenkins PF. Making sense of the chest x-ray: a hands-on guide. New York: Oxford University Press; 2005. 194 p.

Book Chapter:

Format: Author(s). Book title. (ed., if applicable). Place of publication: Publisher; year of publication. Chapter Title; Pages.

Riffenburgh RH. Statistics in medicine. 2nd ed. Amsterdam (Netherlands): Elsevier Academic Press; c2006. Chapter 24, Regression and correlation methods; p. 447-86.

e-Book: [AccessMedicine/AccessPharmacy/Pharmacy Library, plus other e-books]:

Format: Author(s). Book title [method of access, typically Internet]. ed., if applicable. Place of publication: Publisher; year of publication. Citation date. Available from URL.

Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, et al., editors. Harrison's online [Internet]. 16th ed. Columbus (OH): McGraw-Hill Companies; c2006 [cited 2006 Nov 20]. Available from: http://www.accessmedicine.com/resourceTOC.aspx?resourceID=4.

Web Page [home page]:

Format: Authors. Web site title. [Internet]. Place of publication (in brackets if inferred). editors. Copyright dates. [last revision date; date cited]. Available from URL.

D'Alessandro DM, D'Alessandro MP. Virtual Pediatric Hospital™: a digital library of pediatric information [Internet]. [Iowa City (IA)]: Donna M. D'Alessandro; c1992-2007 [revised 2006 Jul 20; cited 2007 Feb 20]. Available from: http://www.virtualpediatrichospital.org/.

Web Page [secondary page]:

Format: Authors. Web site title. [Internet]. Place of publication (in brackets if inferred). Copyright dates. Secondary page title; last revision date; [cited date]; [number of screens]. Available from URL.

AMA: helping doctors help patients [Internet]. Chicago: American Medical Association; c1995-2007. AMA launches exclusive partnership with the ReachMD Channel for medical professionals; 2007 Mar 26 [cited 2007 Mar 28]; [about 2 screens]. Available from: http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/17469.html.

Database/Retrieval System [Cochrane Reviews]:

Format: Authors. Web site title. Date of first publication [amended date; date cited]. In: database name [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher. Copyright date - . Size of file. Available from URL.

Bunyavejchevin S, Phupong V. Laparoscopic surgery for presumed benign ovarian tumor during pregnancy. 2006 Oct 18 [amended 2007 Jun 14; cited 2007 Feb 20]. In: The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews [Internet]. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons, Inc. c1999 -   . 129K. Available from: http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD005459/pdf_fs.html Record No.: CD005459.

Database/Retrieval System [Essential Evidence Plus]:

Format: Authors. Web page title. Date of first publication (omit if not available) [amended date; date cited]. In: database name [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher. Copyright date. Size of file (omit if not available). Available from URL.

Lambert, FB. Autism. [amended 2012 Jul 7; cited 2012 Sep 25]. In: Essential Evidence Plus [Internet]. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons, Inc. c2012. Available from http://www.essentialevidenceplus.com/content/eee/835.

Drug Monographs:

Format: Authors. Web site title. Date of first publication [amended date; date cited]. In: database name [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher. Copyright date - . Available from URL.

Abacavir. [cited 2021 Oct 28]. In: AccessPharmacy, [Internet]. [place unknown]: McGraw-Hill. c1978- . Available from:http://www.accesspharmacy.com/drugContent.aspx?mid=5541.

Drug Monographs from Lexi-Comp or Micromedex:

Lexi-Comp and Micromedex have many different databases inside the resource. You must include the individual database name.

Format: Authors. Web site title. Name of database. Date of first publication [amended date; date cited]. In: database name [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher. Available from URL.

Lansoprazole. Lexi-Drugs. [updated 2021 Jul 3; cited 2021 Jul 9] In Lexicomp Online [Internet]. UpToDate. Waltham, MA. Available at: https://online.lexi.com.

Lansoprazole. DRUGDEX®. [updated 2018 Jul 6; cited 2018 Jul 9] In: IBM Micromedex® [Internet]. Truven Health Analytics, Greenwood Village, Colorado. Available at: http://www.micromedexsolutions.com/

Herbal Monographs from Natural Medicines

Format: Authors. Web site title. Name of database. Date of first publication [amended date; date cited]. In: database name [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher. Copyright date - . Available from URL.

Acai. Food, Herbs & Supplements. [updated 2018 Apr 14; cited 2018 Sept 17]. In: Natural Medicines [Internet]. Stockton, CA: Natural Medicines. c2018. Available from https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/about-us/contact-us.aspx

Comparative Effectiveness Database within Natural Medicines.

Anemia. Comparative Effectiveness. [updated 2018 Apr 14; cited 2018 Sept 17]. In: Natural Medicines [Internet]. Stockton, CA: Natural Medicines. c2018. Available from https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/about-us/contact-us.aspx

Drug Monograph from UpToDate

Lexicomp. Ampiciliin: Drug information. [cited 2021 Aug 15]. In: UpToDate [Internet]. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. Available from https://www-uptodate-com.

UptoDate:

Johnson MD. Second-generation antipsychotic medications: pharmacology, administration, and side effects. Post TW, ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. http://uptodate.com (Accessed on January 02, 2017.)

Practice Guideline Synthesis (accessed from National Guideline Clearinghouse):

Format:  Author. Guideline synthesis: guideline title. In: National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC) [Web site]. Place of publication: Publisher of guideline; [citation date]. Available from: http://www.guideline.gov.

National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC). Guideline synthesis: Screening for breast cancer. In: National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC) [Web site]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ); [cited 2010 May 7]. Available: http://www.guideline.gov.

Clinical Practice Guidelines:

If citing the full guideline, then cite the guideline as it appeared in the journal.

Format:  Author(s). Article title. Journal Title. Publication Date; volume(issue):page numbers.

American College of Obstetrics & Gynecology. ACOG practice bulletin no. 120: Use of prophylactic antibiotics in labor and delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Jun;117(6):1472-83.

DailyMed:

Format: Pharmaceutical company.  Label. Publication Date [revision date; date cited]. In: Database Name [Internet]. [Copyright date] - , [page numbers]. Place of Publication: Publisher. Available from URL.

Sanofi-Aventis U.S. LLC. Ambien cr (zolpidem tartrate) tablet, coated. 2007 [rev. 2007 Sep; cited 2009 Apr]. In: DailyMed [Internet]. [2005] -   . [about 20 p.]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). Available from: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?id=5420

Essential Evidence Plus InfoPOEM:

Format: Authors. Web page title. Date of first publication (omit if not available) [Database name] [amended date; date cited]. In: database name [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher. Copyright date. Size of file (omit if not available). Available from URL.

Ebell, MH. Empiric treatment of onychomycosis with terbinafine is most cost-effective strategy. [Daily POEMs] [cited 2017 Jan 03]. In: Essential Evidence Plus [Internet]. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons, Inc. c2017. Available from https://www.essentialevidenceplus.com/content/poem/190101

Essential Evidence Topic from Essential Evidence Plus

Murrow J, Felicio LS, Ebell MH. aortic Stenosis.[Essential Evidence Topic][amended 2020 Sep 7; 2021 Aug 5]. In: Essential Evidence Plus [Internet]. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons, Inc. c2017. Available from https://www.essentialevidenceplus.com/content/poem/190101

VisualDx

Format: Authors. Web page title. Date of first publication (omit if not available) [Database name] [amended date; date cited]. In: database name [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher. Copyright date. Size of file (omit if not available). Available from URL.

Papier A, Craft N, Tharp MD, Shear N. Cocaine levamisole toxicity. [VisualDx] [cited 2016 Jan 01]. In: Goldsmith LA, ed. VisualDx [Internet]. Rochester, NY: VisualDx. 2016. Available from https://www.visualdx.com/visualdx/diagnosis/cocaine+levamisole+toxicity?moduleID=101&diagnosisID=54687.

ClinicalKey Journal Article:

Over DR. Upright Walkers as Mobility Assistive Devices for Older Adults. Am Fam Physician. 2022 May 1;105(5):Online.  ClinicalKey website. https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/journal/1-s2.0-S0002838X22000995. Accessed July 6, 2022.

Clinical Key Book:

The National Library of Medicine (NLM) documentation style is used for writing and citing works in the field of medicine.

The current 2nd edition of the NLM style guide Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers is available online.

Also Helpful:

NLM Citation Machine

NLM: “Samples of Formatted References for Authors of Journal Articles”

Journal article dates are listed as [year][month][date]. Months are abbreviated using the first three letters (Jan, Feb, Mar, etc.).

Example: 2017 Oct 17

If there is a volume or issue number following the date, end it with a semicolon. Put the issue number in parentheses; end issue information with a colon.

Example: 2017 Oct 17; 47(4):

Write the beginning and end page numbers of the article. Do not include the letter “p”. Page numbers should be abbreviated (i.e., 200-9 instead of 200-209).

Example: 2017 Oct 17;47(4): 599-603.

Example: Paules CI, Marston HD, Eisinger RW, Baltimore D, Fauci AS. The pathway to a universal influenza vaccine. Immunity. 2017 Oct 17;47(4):599-603.

NLM style uses journal abbreviations in a citation instead of a full journal title. Search PubMed to find the accepted journal abbreviation. Single word journal titles are not abbreviated.

Example: “Int J Oncol” is the abbreviation for the International Journal of Oncology.

There are three different methods for formatting in-text citations in NLM style. See the Council of Science Editor’s Scientific Style and Format for details of each system and check with your professor or publisher to see which style is most appropriate for your assignment or paper.

The sources you cite in your paper should be listed on a separate numbered page with the heading, “REFERENCES,” centered at the top of the page.

See Citing Medicine Chapter 1 for print journal articles and Chapter 23 for online articles.

Petitti DB, Crooks VC, Buckwalter JG, Chiu V. Blood pressure levels before dementia. Arch Neurol. 2005 Jan;62(1):112-6.

Rastan S, Hough T, Kierman A, Hardisty R, Erven A, Gray IC, Voeling S, Isaacs A, Tsai H, Strivens M, Washbourne R, Thornton C, Greenaway S, Hewitt M, McCormick S, Selley R, Wells C, Tymowska-Lalanne Z, Roby P, Mburu P, Rogers D, Hagan J, Reavill C, Davies K, Glenister P, Fisher EM, Martin J, Vizor L, Bouzyk M, Kelsell D, Guenet JL, Steel KP, Sheardown S, Spurr N, Gray I, Peters J, Nolan PM, Hunter AJ, Brown SD. Towards a mutant map of the mouse–new models of neurological, behavioural, deafness, bone, renal and blood disorders. Genetica. 2004 Sep;122(1):47-9.

Polgreen PM, Diekema DJ, Vandeberg J, Wiblin RT, Chen YY, David S, Rasmus D, Gerdts N, Ross A, Katz L, Herwaldt LA. Risk factors for groin wound infection after femoral artery catheterization: a case-control study. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol [Internet]. 2006 Jan [cited 2007 Jan 5];27(1):34-7. Available from: http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/ICHE/journal/issues/v27n1/2004069/2004069.web.pdf

Harrison JJ, Ceri H, Yerly J, Stremick CA, Hu Y, Martinuzzi R, Turner RJ. The use of microscopy and three-dimensional visualization to evaluate the structure of microbial biofilms cultivated in the Calgary Biofilm Device. Biol Proc Online [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2007 Jan 8];8(1):194-215. Available from: http://www.biologicalprocedures.com/bpo/arts/1/127/m127.pdf doi: 10.1251/bpo127

Le L, Lee E, Schulten K, Truong TN. Molecular modeling of swine influenza A/H1N1, Spanish H1N1, and avian H5N1 flu N1 neuraminidases bound to Tamiflu and Relenza. Version 4. PLoS Curr [Internet]. 2009 Aug 27 [revised 2011 Mar 14; cited 2011 Jun 8];3:RRN1015. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2762416/?tool=pubmed PubMed PMID: 20029609; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2762416.

See Citing Medicine Chapter 8

Gaul G. When geography influences treatment options. Washington Post (Maryland Ed.). 2005 Jul 24;Sect. A:12 (col. 1).

Carey B. Psychiatrists revise the book of human troubles. New York Times [Internet]. 2008 Dec 17 [cited 2008 Dec 19];Health:[about 3 p.]. Available from: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/18/health/18psych.html?_r=1&em

See Citing Medicine Chapter 2

Jenkins PF. Making sense of the chest x-ray: a hands-on guide. New York: Oxford University Press; 2005. 194 p.

Riffenburgh RH. Statistics in medicine. 2nd ed. Amsterdam (Netherlands): Elsevier Academic Press; c2006. Chapter 24, Regression and correlation methods; p. 447-86.

Also applies to other individual online titles. See Citing Medicine Chapter 22

Complementary/Integrative Medicine [Internet]. Houston: University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; c2007 [cited 2007 Feb 21]. Available from: http://www.mdanderson.org/departments/CIMER/.

See Citing Medicine Chapter 25

Include:

Chlamy Center: an Online Informatics Resource for Chlamydomonas [Internet]. Durham (NC): Duke University, Department of Biology; [modified 2007 Mar 8]. Core collections; [modified 2006 Jan 25; cited 2007 Mar 27]; [about 3 screens]. Available from: http://jupiter.biology.duke.edu/strains.html

See Citing Medicine Chapter 3

van Pelt J, Kamermans M, Levelt CN, van Ooyen A, Ramakers GJA, Roelfsema PR, editors. Development, dynamics, and pathology of neuronal networks: from molecules to functional circuits. Proceedings of the 23rd International Summer School of Brain Research; 2003 Aug 25-29; Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2005. 385 p. (Progress in brain research; vol. 147).